پیوندهای مفید
اخبار و اعلانات
آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 25 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 953 |
| تعداد مقالات | 7,829 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 13,080,308 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 9,264,050 |
تبیین تأثیر طرد اجتماعی بر گرایش به مصرف مواد مخدر در بین زنان | ||
| مطالعات اجتماعی روان شناختی زنان | ||
| مقاله 2، دوره 21، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 77، دی 1402، صفحه 36-63 اصل مقاله (1006.55 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22051/jwsps.2023.42466.2705 | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| اکبر طالب پور* | ||
| دانشیار گروه جامعهشناسی، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی و اقتصاد، دانشگاه الزهرا، تهران، ایران. (نویسنده مسئول) a.talebpour@alzahra.ac.ir | ||
| چکیده | ||
| طرد اجتماعی پیامدهای جبران‌ناپذیری بر روح و روان مطرودین دارد و آنان را با مشکلات عدیده‌ای مواجه می‌سازد یکی از آسیب‌های طرد اجتماعی افزایش گرایش به مصرف‌مواد‌مخدر است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف تبیین جامعه‌شناختی تاثیر طرد اجتماعی بر گرایش به مصرف‌مواد‌مخدر در بین زنان مراجعه کننده به مراکز ترک و بازتوانی معتادان در شهر تهران انجام شده است. ابزار پژوهش پرسشنامه محقق‌ساخته بود، جامعه آماری پژوهش زنان مراجعه کننده به مراکز فوق شهر تهران بود که تعداد 385 نفر از آنان بعنوان نمونه آماری بر اساس روش نمونه‌گیری خوشه‌ای تصادفی چندمرحله‌ای انتخاب شدند. نتایج تحقیق نشان دادند؛ متغیرهای مستقل تحقیق در مجموع حدود 37 درصد از تغییرات متغیر وابسته یعنی گرایش به مصرف مواد‌مخدر را تبیین نموده و توضیح داده اند و حدود 60 درصد از تغییرات متغیر وابسته تحقیق خارج از مدل مغهومی محقق ارزیابی شده است، همچنین بر اساس نتایج تحقیق متغیرهای هفتگانه؛ روابط‌اجتماعی غیرحضوری، روابط‌اجتماعی حضوری، مشارکت انجمنی، حمایت‌های بین گروهی، حمایت‌های درون‌گروهی و مشارکت‌های غیر انجمنی به ترتیب بیشترین تأثیر منفی را در گرایش به مصرف‌مواد‌مخدر بر عهده داشتند، در مقابل متغیر مستقل طرد از بازار کار در گرایش افراد مورد مطالعه به مصرف‌مواد‌مخدر تأثیر مثبت داشت. بعبارت بهتر متغیرهای؛ روابط اجتماعی حضوری، روابط‌اجتماعی غیرحضوری، مشارکت انجمنی و حمایت‌های بین‌گروهی و حمایت‌های درون‌گروهی و مشارکت‌های غیرانجمنی اثر کاهنده بر گرایش به مصرف‌مواد‌مخدر داشته اند اما طرد از بازار کار اثر افزاینده داشته است، آزمون تحلیل مسیر نیز نتایج تحلیل رگرسیون چندمتغیره را مورد تأیید قرار داد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| طرد اجتماعی؛ گرایش به مصرف مواد مخدر؛ طرد از بازارکار؛ حمایت‌های درون‌گروهی؛ مشارکت انجمنی؛ مشارکت غیرانجمنی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Explaining the Impact of Social Exclusion on Tendency to Use Drugs Among Women | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Akbar Talebpour | ||
| Associate Professor, Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences and Economics, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran. a.talebpour@alzahra.ac.ir (Corresponding Author) | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| One of the harms of social exclusion is increasing the tendency to use drugs. The present study was conducted with the aim of sociologically explaining the effect of social rejection on the tendency to use drugs among women who refer to drug withdrawal and rehabilitation centers in Tehran. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire, the statistical population of the research was women referring to the above centers in Tehran, and 385 of them were selected as a statistical sample based on the multi-stage random cluster sampling method. The research results showed; The independent variables of the research have explained a total of about 37% of the changes in the dependent variable, i.e. the tendency to use drugs, and about 60% of the changes in the dependent variable of the research have been evaluated outside of the researcher's imaginary model, also based on the results of the research of the seven variables; Non-present social relations, present social relations, associational participation, intergroup support, intragroup support and non-associational participation respectively had the greatest negative effect on the tendency to use drugs, in contrast to the independent variable of exclusion from the labor market in the tendency of the studied subjects. It had a positive effect on drug use. In better words, the variables; Face-to-face social relations, non-face-to-face social relations, association participation and intergroup support and intra-group support and non-association participation have had a reducing effect on the tendency to use drugs, but exclusion from the labor market has had an increasing effect. Keywords Social Exclusion, Drug Use Tendency, Exclusion from Labor, Intra-Group Support, Institutional Participation, Noninstitutional Participation Introduction The acceptance and rejection of individuals by those around them have profound effects on their behavior. Backbiting, lack of association, lack of place, ridicule and sarcasm, pointing fingers, dishonor and notoriety, shame, a desire to be alone, feeling singled out, and sensitivity to the behavior of others are among the mechanisms that intensify social rejection, some from the society and some from the individual. It is rejected, applied, and plunges the person further into the abyss of social exclusion, ultimately causing various consequences in social relationships and individual feelings (Firouzabadi et al., 2015). It seems that people with higher rejection sensitivity are more likely to use drugs because it may be easier to ignore rejection, and the signs of rejection are neutral in environments prone to drug use (Chen et al., 2017; Howard et al., 2017; Liu et al., 2017; Zin et al., 2017). The findings of various research studies show that addicts who use fewer drugs, compared to those who spend more time on drugs, have better and more meaningful relationships with their family and friends. These results suggest the possibility of a relationship between the type of social relationships and the amount of drug use by drug addicts. Additionally, research conducted on the amount of drug use, the tendency of drug addicts to abuse drugs, and the feeling of rejection and loneliness revealed that emotional regulation and feelings of loneliness and rejection play a role in the tendency of many individuals addicted to drugs (Chen et al., 2017; Howard et al., 2017; Liu et al., 2017; Zin et al., 2017). However, studies in the field of social harms show that a significant number of delinquencies and crimes are committed by people whose ties and solidarity with their surroundings have been lost or are very weak. Given this, whether social rejection causes the tendency to use drugs among women or not and how this concept affects drug use was an issue that needed more research and investigation; hence, the present study has investigated the effect of different dimensions of social exclusion on the tendency of women to use drugs, exploring both the possibility of this effect on one hand and the impact of various dimensions of social exclusion on the tendency to use drugs among women on the other hand. Methodology To examine and study the current research in accordance with theories proposed in the field of social exclusion, such as Silver, Zebra, Munk, Bourdieu, Giddens, and Evandrou, it was necessary to first calculate the dimensions of social exclusion and then examine the impact of these dimensions on the tendency to use drugs. In other words, the theoretical claim of the researcher, based on the examination of total internal and external backgrounds, suggests that social exclusion provides a context for rejected individuals, increasing the tendency to use drugs. Although other factors are also involved in this field, there may be a two-way relationship in this context, wherein the consumption of drugs can also lead to the social exclusion of individuals. However, considering the study's statistical population and the research purpose, this study focuses on measuring the effect of social exclusion on the tendency to use drugs. In the current research, field studies and survey techniques were employed to collect data. The researcher studied the sociological explanation of the impact of social exclusion on the tendency to use drugs among women who seek rehabilitation in drug addiction centers in Tehran. A quantitative approach was deemed necessary, and the results of the work can be used to address existing needs and problems. The statistical population of the study included all women who sought rehabilitation in drug addiction centers in Tehran. A multi-stage random cluster sampling method was used, with a calculated sample size of 385 people according to Cochran's formula. To collect research data, the researcher designed a questionnaire specifically aimed at sociologically determining and explaining the effect of social exclusion on the tendency to use drugs among women who seek rehabilitation in these centers. The researcher-made questionnaire, consisting of 21 items and using a 5-point Likert scale (completely disagree, disagree, no opinion, agree, and completely agree), was administered to individuals undergoing drug addiction rehabilitation in Tehran. This questionnaire measured the effect of seven dimensions of social exclusion (lack of non-association participation, lack of association participation, absence of non-present social relations, absence of present social relations, lack of inter-group support, lack of intra-group support, and exclusion from the labor market) on people's tendency to use drugs. Findings Based on the results obtained from the test of research hypotheses and multiple regression analysis, it can be stated that the independent variables of the research have determined and explained a total of about 37% of the changes in the dependent variable, i.e., the tendency to use drugs, and about 60% of the changes in the dependent variable of the research are evaluated outside the researcher's conceptual model. Also, based on the research results of the seven variables, a decrease in informal social relations with a beta of 0.280, exclusion from the labor market with a beta of 0.269, a decrease in face-to-face social relations with a beta of 0.268, a decrease in social participation with a beta of 0.160, a decrease in intergroup support with a beta of 0.159, a reduction of intragroup support with a beta of 0.148, and a reduction of non-associational contributions with a beta of 0.145, as dimensions of exclusion from society, have the greatest impact on the tendency to consume drugs. Considering the results of multiple regression analysis and beta coefficients, it can be said that all research hypotheses were confirmed in the target statistical sample. Result Exclusion from society and social relations has harmful results for rejected people, ranging from isolation to suicide attempts. The present research, conducted with the aim of understanding the effect of social exclusion on the tendency to use drugs among women, demonstrated that social rejection of women plays a significant role in the tendency to use drugs. This requires serious attention and consideration from those responsible for the matter. Given the positive tendency of the studied women towards drug use (with an average of 3.54) and the intensification of this tendency due to the increase in social exclusion, it is necessary to take measures to increase the social acceptability of addicted women and their integration into society. It is evident that the variables: a decrease in informal social relations, exclusion from the labor market, a decrease in face-to-face social relations, a decrease in association participation, a decrease in intergroup support, a decrease in group support, and a decrease in non-associational participation, as dimensions of exclusion from society, were responsible for influencing the tendency to use drugs the most. However, in addition to the above-mentioned factors, according to the results of the research and field observations of the researcher, it seems that a trend called the feminization of addiction is occurring in Iran at a very high speed. This trend can shake the foundation of the Iranian family, and it is necessary for those in charge to take the necessary measures to reduce the social harm of the feminization of addiction. One clear sign of this phenomenon is the decrease in the age of addiction among women in Iran, which is the tip of the iceberg. Female addiction is rampant, and if necessary, measures are not taken, it can cause irreparable damage to the social body. References Abazid, H., Abou-Isba, S., Abu Farha, R. & Al-Jomaa, E. E. (2020). Drug abuse in Syria: Pattern of use, causes and perception as perceived by Syrian addicts. Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research, 11(2),183 -188. Bina, A., Hamilton, K. R., Bounoua, N. & Lejuez, C. (2015). Distress tolerance moderates the relationship between social rejection and major depressive disorder in inner-city substance users. Drug & Alcohol Dependence. Drug and Alcohol Dependence,146, e206. Bourdieu, P. (2011). Premieres lecons sur la sociologie de Pierre Bourdieu. Translated by Jahangir Jahangiri & Hasan Poursafir. Tehran Agah Publications. (In Persian) Burchardt, T., Le Grand, J. & Piachand, D. (2002). Social Exclusion in Britain 1991-1995. Social Policy and Administration, 33(3), 227–244. Chen, W., Zhang, D., Pan, Y., Hu, T., Liu, G. & Luo, S. (2017). Perceived social support and self-esteem as mediators of the relationship between parental attachment and life satisfaction among Chinese adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences, 108, 98-102. Cole, J., Logan, T. K. & Walker, R. (2011). Social exclusion, personal control, self-regulation, and stress among substance abuse treatment clients. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 113(1), 13-20. De Haan, A (1999). Social Exclusion: Toward an Holistic Understanding of Deprivation. Department de Economiaaplicada. University Autonoma De Barcelona. Ferlander, S. (2007). The Important of Different Forms of Social Capital for Health. Nordic Sociological Association and Sage. Firouzabadi, S. A. & Sadeghi, A. (2010). Social exclusion of women in poor rural areas of Iran: The case of Malard Villages in Shahryar, Tehran province. Journal of Social Problems of Iran, 1(1), 143-174. (In Persian) Firouzabadi, S. A., Farzizadeh, Z. & Daneshpour, Z. (2016). Examining the social exclusion of rural women. Journal of Social Problems of Iran, 7(1), 229-260. (In Persian) Flotten, T. (2006). Poverty and Social Exclusion: Two Side of Same Coin?. Fafa Publications. Ghafari, D. & Sadrarhami, N. (2023). Investigating drug dependence treatment platforms among women: A qualitative study. Etiadpajohi, 17(67), 245-270. (In Persian) Ghazinejad, M. & Savalanpour, E. (2009). The relationship between social exclusion and addiction potential. Journal Social Problems Iranian, 16(3), 139-80. (In Persian) Grenfell, M. (2008). Pierre Bourdieu;key Concepts. Translated by Mohammad Mahdi Labibi, Tehran, Afkar Ppublications. (In Persian) Haile, K., Umer, H., Ayano, G., Fejo, E. & Fanta, T. (2020). A qualitative exploration of substance misuse among homeless women in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. BMC Psychiatry, 20(204), 1-9. Hajlo, N. & Jafari, I. (2014). The role of perceived stress, sensation seeking and social support in addiction. Journal of Educational Sciences and Psychology (Health Psychology), 4(16), 19-30. (In Persian) Heady, C. (1997). Labour market transitions and social exclusion. Journal of European Social Policy, 7(2), 119-128. Hirshi, T. (1969). Causes of Delinquency. Berkeley, Cal: University of California Press. Howard, S., Creaven, A. M., Hughes, B. M., O’Leary, É. D. & James, J. E. (2017). Perceived social support predicts lower cardiovascular reactivity to stress in older adults. Biological Psychology, 125, 70-75. Jahanbakhshganjeh, S., Hosseini Nik, S. S., Jahanbakhshganjeh, S. & Khezri, N. (2022). Study of the lived experience of addictive women in Kohgiloyeh and Boyerahmad province. Women Studies, 13(40), 145-185. (In Persian) Levitas, R. (1998). The Inclusive Society? Social Exclusion and New Laber, Basingstoke: Macmillan. Liu, R. T., Hernandez, E. M., Trout, Z. M., Kleiman, E. M. & Bozzay, M. L. (2017). Depression, social support, and long-term risk for coronary heart disease in a 13-year longitudinal epidemiological study. Psychiatry Research, 251, 36-40. Maithya, W. R. (2009). Drug Abuse in Secondary Schools in Kenya: Developing a Program for Prevention and Intervention, Ph.D unpublished dissertation, University of South Africa. Mannarini, S. & Boffo, M. (2015). Anxiety, bulimia, drug and alcohol addiction, depression, and schizophrenia: what do you think about their aetiology, dangerousness, social distance, and treatment? A latent class analysis approach. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 50(1), 27-37. Mohammadi, R., Sarafraz, M. & Ghorbani, N. (2016). Comparison of basic psychological needs, social support and stress in addicted and non-addicted groups: gender differences. Research Journal of Positive Psychology, 3(1), 49-60. (In Persian) Morgan, C., Burns, T., Fitzpatrick, R., Pinfold, V. & Priebe, S. (2007). Social exclusion and mental health: Conceptual and methodological review. British Journal of Psychiatry, 191, 477-483. Munk, M. D. (2002). Gender, Marginalization and Social Exclusion. Background Paper for the Conference, 26-27 sep. Working Paper14/a:2002. Naderi, N., Karamian, F. & Khosravi, E. (2021). Developing a model for organizing substance-dependent homeless and street women in Kermanshah: A Qualitative Approach with Grounded Theory. Etiadpajohi, 15(59), 85-110. (In Persian) Naqdi, A., Rezaei Darehdeh, M. & Zandi, F .(2014). Investigating the social factors affecting the successful cessation of addiction in the group (case study: male members of NA in Noorabad city. Social Development Quarterly (Human Development), 9(3), 7-28. (In Persian) Narayan, D. (1999). Bonds and Bridegs: Social Capital and Poverty. World Bank. Niazi, M., Farhadian A. & Omid, Z. (2023). Compilation of an integrated model of women's addiction prevention management using foundation data theory in Iran. Journal of Psychology and Education Science in the Third Millennium, 23, 270-288. (In Persian) Paskell, C. (2004). Causes and effects of delinquent behavior and social exclusion. Center for Analysis of Social Exclusion, London School of Economics, UK. Perri, S. (1999). Public Policy and Network Poverty. Ottawa Congress Center. Peter, N. & Alicia, D. (2010). Extent and influence of recreational drug use on men and women aged 15 years and older in South Africa. African Journal of Drug & Alcohol Studies, 9(1), 33-48. Pierson, J. (2002). Tacking Social Exclusion. Routledge. Roberts, R. E., Phinney, J. S., Masse, L. C., Chen, Y. R., Roberts, C. R. & Romero, A. (1999). The structure of ethnic identity of young adolescents from diverse ethnocultural group. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 19(3), 301-322. Sadeghzadeh, M., Askari, Z. & Khormaei, F. (2022). The relationship between self-criticism and sensitivity to rejection with psychological distress in female students: Mediating role of self-silencing. Women's Studies Sociological and Psychological, 20(2), 127-155. (In Persian) Sephoundi, A., Shafii, M. & Heydari Rad, H. (2016). Comparison of social rejection, sense of connectedness and perception of risk in people addicted to drugs, smoking, hookah and normal. Social Health and Addiction Quarterly, 3(12), 205-224. (In Persian) Sharq, A., Shakibi, A., Nisari, R. & Alilo, L. (2013). Investigating factors affecting relapse from the perspective of addicts who refer to centers. Studies in Medical Sciences, 22(2), 129-136. (In Persian) Silver, H. (2004). Social exclusion and social solidarity: Three paradigms. International Labour Review, 133(5-6), 531-518. Soleimani, S., Mohammad Rezaii, A. & Nazari, F. (2014). The role of loneliness (sensitivity to rejection) in students' attitudes towards drugs. Educational Psychology Quarterly, 11(35), 67-77. (In Persian) Vojudi, B., Otared, N. & Poursharifi, H. (2015). On the comparison of interpersonal sensitivity and assertiveness between drug-dependent persons and ordinary people. Etiadpajohi, 8(31), 109-118. (In Persian) Zebra, M. (2006). Sociological Theories of Social Outcasts. Translated by Seyyed Hasan Hosseini, Tehran, On Publications. (In Persian) Zeinali, A., Vahdat, R. & Garadingeh, K. (2011). The relationship between parenting style and addiction in children. Family Research, 6(3), 335-352. (In Persian) Zinn, A., Palmer, A. N. & Nam, E. (2017). Developmental heterogeneity of perceived social support among former foster youth. Children and Youth Services Review, 76, 51-58. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Social Exclusion, Drug use Tendency, Exclusion from Labor, Intra-group Support, Institutional Participation, Noninstitutional Participation | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
بون ویتز، پاتریس. (1390). درسهایی از جامعهشناسی پیر بوردیو. ترجمه جهانگیر جهانگیری و حسن پورسفیر. تهران: نشرآگه.
جهانبخش گنجه، صادق.، حسینی نیک، سیدسلیمان.، جهانبخش گنجه، سحر و خضری، نشمین. (1401). تجربه زیسته زنان مبتلابه اعتیاد در استان کهگیلویه و بویراحمد. پژوهشنامه زنان، 13(40)، 185-145.
حاجلو، نادر و جعفری، عیسی. (1394). نقش استرس ادراک‌شده، هیجان‌خواهی و حمایت اجتماعی در اعتیاد. علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی (روان‌شناسی سلامت)، 4(16)، 30-19.
زیبرا، مارتین. (1385). نظریههای جامعهشناسی طردشدگان اجتماعی. ترجمه سید حسن حسینی. تهران، انتشارات آن.
زینالی، علی.، وحدت، رقیه و قره دینگه، خاور. (1389). رابطه سبکهای والدینی بااستعداد اعتیاد در فرزندان. خانواده‌پژوهی، 6(3)، 352- 335.
سپهوندی، علی.، شفیعی، معصومه و حیدری‌راد، حدیث. (1395). مقایسه طرد اجتماعی، احساس پیوستگی و ادراک خطر در افراد وابسته به مواد، سیگار، قلیان و عادی. سلامت اجتماعی و اعتیاد، ۳(۱۲)، ۲24-۲05.
سلیمانی، سمیرا.، محمدرضائی، علی و نظری، فاطمه. (1394). نقش احساس تنهایی (حساسیت به طرد)، در نگرش دانشجویان به مواد مخدر. روان‌شناسی تربیتی، 11(35)، 77-67.
شرق، علی.، شکیبی، علی.، نیساری، رقیه و آلیلو، لیلا. (1390). بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر عود اعتیاد از دیدگاه معتادین مراجعه‌کننده به مراکز. مطالعات علوم پزشکی، ۲۲(۲)، 136-129.
صادق‌زاده، مرضیه.، عسکری، زهرا و خرمایی، فرهاد. (1401). رابطه خودانتقادی و حساسیت به طرد با آشفتگی روان‌شناختی دانشجویان دختر: نقش واسطه‌ای خودخاموشی. مطالعات اجتماعی روان شناختی زنان، 20(2)، 155-127.
غفاری، داریوش و صدرارحامی، نفیسه. (1402). مطالعه بسترهای درمان وابستگی به مواد مخدر در بین زنان: یک مطالعه کیفی. اعتیادپژوهی، ۱۷(۶۷)، 270-۲۴۵.
فیروزآبادی، سیداحمد.، فرضی‌زاده، زهرا و دانشپور، زینب. (1395). بررسی وضعیت طرد اجتماعی زنان روستایی (موردمطالعه: روستای چمران از توابع بخش نوبران در شهرستان پاوه). بررسی مسائل اجتماعی ایران، 7(1)، 260-229.
فیروزآبادی، سیداحمد و صادقی، علیرضا. (1389). وضعیت طرد اجتماعی زنان فقیر روستایی. بررسی مسائل اجتماعی ایران، 1(1)، 174-143.
قاضی نژاد، مریم و ساوالانپور، الهام. (1388). بررسی رابطه طرد اجتماعی و آمادگی برای اعتیاد. مسائل اجتماعی ایران، 16(63)، 180-139.
گرنفل، مایکل. (1389). مفاهیم کلیدی بوردیو، ترجمه محمدمهدی لبیبی. تهران: نشر افکار.
محمدی، راحله.، سرافراز، مهدی رضا و قربانی، نیما. (1396). مقایسه نیازهای بنیادی روانی، حمایت اجتماعی و استرس در گروه معتاد و غیرمعتاد: تفاوتهای جنسیتی. پژوهشنامه روان‌شناسی مثبت، 3(1)، 60-49.
نادری، نادر.، کرمیان، فرانک وخسروی، احسان (1400). تدوین الگویی در جهت ساماندهی زنان وابسته به مواد بی‌خانمان و خیابانی شهر کرمانشاه: یک رویکرد کیفی با نظریه داده بنیاد. اعتیادپژوهی، ۱۵(۵۹)، 110-۸۵.
نقدی، اسدالله.، رضایی درهده، مریم و زندی، فاطمه. (1394). بررسی عوامل اجتماعی مؤثر بر ترک اعتیاد موفق در گروه (مطالعه موردی: مردان عضو NA در شهر نورآباد. توسعه اجتماعی (توسعه انسانی سابق)، 9(3)، 28-7.
نیازی، محسن.، فرهادیان، علی و امیدی، زینب. (1402). تدوین الگوی یکپارچه مدیریت پیشگیری از اعتیاد زنان با استفاده از نظریه داده بنیاد در ایران. روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی در هزاره سوم، 23، 288-270.
وجودی، بابک.، عطارد، نسترن و پورشریفی، حمید. (1393). مقایسه حساسیت بین فردی و ابراز وجود در افراد وابسته به مواد مخدر و عادی. اعتیادپژوهی، 8(31)، 109-118.
Abazid, H., Abou-Isba, S., Abu Farha, R. & Al-Jomaa, E. E. (2020). Drug abuse in Syria: Pattern of use, causes and perception as perceived by Syrian addicts. Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research, 11(2),183 -188.
Bina, A., Hamilton, K. R., Bounoua, N. & Lejuez, C. (2015). Distress tolerance moderates the relationship between social rejection and major depressive disorder in inner-city substance users. Drug & Alcohol Dependence. Drug and Alcohol Dependence,146, e206.
Bourdieu, P. (2011). Premieres lecons sur la sociologie de Pierre Bourdieu. Translated by Jahangir Jahangiri & Hasan Poursafir. Tehran Agah Publications. (In Persian)
Burchardt, T., Le Grand, J. & Piachand, D. (2002). Social Exclusion in Britain 1991-1995. Social Policy and Administration, 33(3), 227–244.
Chen, W., Zhang, D., Pan, Y., Hu, T., Liu, G. & Luo, S. (2017). Perceived social support and self-esteem as mediators of the relationship between parental attachment and life satisfaction among Chinese adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences, 108, 98-102.
Cole, J., Logan, T. K. & Walker, R. (2011). Social exclusion, personal control, self-regulation, and stress among substance abuse treatment clients. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 113(1), 13-20.
De Haan, A (1999). Social Exclusion: Toward an Holistic Understanding of Deprivation. Department de Economiaaplicada. University Autonoma De Barcelona.
Ferlander, S. (2007). The Important of Different Forms of Social Capital for Health. Nordic Sociological Association and Sage.
Firouzabadi, S. A. & Sadeghi, A. (2010). Social exclusion of women in poor rural areas of Iran: The case of Malard Villages in Shahryar, Tehran province. Journal of Social Problems of Iran, 1(1), 143-174. (In Persian)
Firouzabadi, S. A., Farzizadeh, Z. & Daneshpour, Z. (2016). Examining the social exclusion of rural women. Journal of Social Problems of Iran, 7(1), 229-260. (In Persian)
Flotten, T. (2006). Poverty and Social Exclusion: Two Side of Same Coin?. Fafa Publications.
Ghafari, D. & Sadrarhami, N. (2023). Investigating drug dependence treatment platforms among women: A qualitative study. Etiadpajohi, 17(67), 245-270. (In Persian)
Ghazinejad, M. & Savalanpour, E. (2009). The relationship between social exclusion and addiction potential. Journal Social Problems Iranian, 16(3), 139-80. (In Persian)
Grenfell, M. (2008). Pierre Bourdieu;key Concepts. Translated by Mohammad Mahdi Labibi, Tehran, Afkar Ppublications. (In Persian)
Haile, K., Umer, H., Ayano, G., Fejo, E. & Fanta, T. (2020). A qualitative exploration of substance misuse among homeless women in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. BMC Psychiatry, 20(204), 1-9.
Hajlo, N. & Jafari, I. (2014). The role of perceived stress, sensation seeking and social support in addiction. Journal of Educational Sciences and Psychology (Health Psychology), 4(16), 19-30. (In Persian)
Heady, C. (1997). Labour market transitions and social exclusion. Journal of European Social Policy, 7(2), 119-128.
Hirshi, T. (1969). Causes of Delinquency. Berkeley, Cal: University of California Press.
Howard, S., Creaven, A. M., Hughes, B. M., O’Leary, É. D. & James, J. E. (2017). Perceived social support predicts lower cardiovascular reactivity to stress in older adults. Biological Psychology, 125, 70-75.
Jahanbakhshganjeh, S., Hosseini Nik, S. S., Jahanbakhshganjeh, S. & Khezri, N. (2022). Study of the lived experience of addictive women in Kohgiloyeh and Boyerahmad province. Women Studies, 13(40), 145-185. (In Persian)
Levitas, R. (1998). The Inclusive Society? Social Exclusion and New Laber, Basingstoke: Macmillan.
Liu, R. T., Hernandez, E. M., Trout, Z. M., Kleiman, E. M. & Bozzay, M. L. (2017). Depression, social support, and long-term risk for coronary heart disease in a 13-year longitudinal epidemiological study. Psychiatry Research, 251, 36-40.
Maithya, W. R. (2009). Drug Abuse in Secondary Schools in Kenya: Developing a Program for Prevention and Intervention, Ph.D unpublished dissertation, University of South Africa.
Mannarini, S. & Boffo, M. (2015). Anxiety, bulimia, drug and alcohol addiction, depression, and schizophrenia: what do you think about their aetiology, dangerousness, social distance, and treatment? A latent class analysis approach. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 50(1), 27-37.
Mohammadi, R., Sarafraz, M. & Ghorbani, N. (2016). Comparison of basic psychological needs, social support and stress in addicted and non-addicted groups: gender differences. Research Journal of Positive Psychology, 3(1), 49-60. (In Persian)
Morgan, C., Burns, T., Fitzpatrick, R., Pinfold, V. & Priebe, S. (2007). Social exclusion and mental health: Conceptual and methodological review. British Journal of Psychiatry, 191, 477-483.
Munk, M. D. (2002). Gender, Marginalization and Social Exclusion. Background Paper for the Conference, 26-27 sep. Working Paper14/a:2002.
Naderi, N., Karamian, F. & Khosravi, E. (2021). Developing a model for organizing substance-dependent homeless and street women in Kermanshah: A Qualitative Approach with Grounded Theory. Etiadpajohi, 15(59), 85-110. (In Persian)
Naqdi, A., Rezaei Darehdeh, M. & Zandi, F .(2014). Investigating the social factors affecting the successful cessation of addiction in the group (case study: male members of NA in Noorabad city. Social Development Quarterly (Human Development), 9(3), 7-28. (In Persian)
Narayan, D. (1999). Bonds and Bridegs: Social Capital and Poverty. World Bank.
Niazi, M., Farhadian A. & Omid, Z. (2023). Compilation of an integrated model of women's addiction prevention management using foundation data theory in Iran. Journal of Psychology and Education Science in the Third Millennium, 23, 270-288. (In Persian)
Paskell, C. (2004). Causes and effects of delinquent behavior and social exclusion. Center for Analysis of Social Exclusion, London School of Economics, UK.
Perri, S. (1999). Public Policy and Network Poverty. Ottawa Congress Center.
Peter, N. & Alicia, D. (2010). Extent and influence of recreational drug use on men and women aged 15 years and older in South Africa. African Journal of Drug & Alcohol Studies, 9(1), 33-48.
Pierson, J. (2002). Tacking Social Exclusion. Routledge.
Roberts, R. E., Phinney, J. S., Masse, L. C., Chen, Y. R., Roberts, C. R. & Romero, A. (1999). The structure of ethnic identity of young adolescents from diverse ethnocultural group. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 19(3), 301-322.
Sadeghzadeh, M., Askari, Z. & Khormaei, F. (2022). The relationship between self-criticism and sensitivity to rejection with psychological distress in female students: Mediating role of self-silencing. Women's Studies Sociological and Psychological, 20(2), 127-155. (In Persian)
Sephoundi, A., Shafii, M. & Heydari Rad, H. (2016). Comparison of social rejection, sense of connectedness and perception of risk in people addicted to drugs, smoking, hookah and normal. Social Health and Addiction Quarterly, 3(12), 205-224. (In Persian)
Sharq, A., Shakibi, A., Nisari, R. & Alilo, L. (2013). Investigating factors affecting relapse from the perspective of addicts who refer to centers. Studies in Medical Sciences, 22(2), 129-136. (In Persian)
Silver, H. (2004). Social exclusion and social solidarity: Three paradigms. International Labour Review, 133(5-6), 531-518.
Soleimani, S., Mohammad Rezaii, A. & Nazari, F. (2014). The role of loneliness (sensitivity to rejection) in students' attitudes towards drugs. Educational Psychology Quarterly, 11(35), 67-77. (In Persian)
Vojudi, B., Otared, N. & Poursharifi, H. (2015). On the comparison of interpersonal sensitivity and assertiveness between drug-dependent persons and ordinary people. Etiadpajohi, 8(31), 109-118. (In Persian)
Zebra, M. (2006). Sociological Theories of Social Outcasts. Translated by Seyyed Hasan Hosseini, Tehran, On Publications. (In Persian)
Zeinali, A., Vahdat, R. & Garadingeh, K. (2011). The relationship between parenting style and addiction in children. Family Research, 6(3), 335-352. (In Persian)
Zinn, A., Palmer, A. N. & Nam, E. (2017). Developmental heterogeneity of perceived social support among former foster youth. Children and Youth Services Review, 76, 51-58. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 529 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 272 |
||