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روایت زنان عضو هیات علمی از توازن کار و زندگی؛ مطالعه‌ی پدیدارشناسی | ||
| مطالعات اجتماعی روان شناختی زنان | ||
| دوره 21، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 74، فروردین 1402، صفحه 65-93 اصل مقاله (1.06 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22051/jwsps.2023.39887.2604 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| سمیه فریدونی* 1؛ سعیده اسماعیلی2 | ||
| 1گروه مطالعات مدیریت، موسسه پژوهش و برنامه‌ریزی آموزش عالی، تهران، ایران. (نویسنده مسئول) fereidouni@irphe.ac.ir | ||
| 2دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت آموزش عالی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران. saeedehesmaeeli95@gmail.com | ||
| چکیده | ||
| پژوهش حاضر با هدف واکاوی تجربیات زیسته زنان عضو هیأت علمی در فرآیند توازن کار و زندگی انجام شده و در سپهر فلسفی تفسیرگرایی، با رویکرد کیفی، و با استفاده از روش پدیدارشناسی طراحی شده است. ابزار جمع‌آوری داده‌ها مصاحبه نیمه‌ساختارمند و مشارکت‌کنندگان در پژوهش ۱۶ عضو هیأت علمی زن از دانشگاه‌های خوارزمی، الزهراء (س)، خواجه نصیر (استان تهران)، دانشگاه قم (استان قم) و دانشگاه ایلام (استان ایلام)، مجرد و متأهل، از رشته‌ها و گروه‌های متفاوت فنی، علوم پایه، هنر و علوم انسانی، در سطوح مربی، استادیار و دانشیار، با راهبرد نمونه‌گزینی هدفمند در دسترس انتخاب شدند. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد روایت زنان عضو هیأت علمی مشارکت‌کننده در پژوهش از آن‌چه در فرآیند توازن کار و زندگی تجربه کرده‌اند را می‌توان در شش مقوله اصلی «سبک زندگی زنان عضو هیأت علمی»، «دشواری‌های فرآیند جذب»، «مشوق‌ها»، «موانع تجربه‌شده توازن کار و زندگی»، «راهبردهای تجربه‌شده توازن کار و زندگی» و «پیشنهادهایی برای توازن» دسته‌بندی کرد. نهایت آن‌که به‌نظر می‌رسد نهاد دانشگاه به دگردیسی نوینی برای پذیرش حضور زنان و همراهی با آنان به‌عنوان نیروهای حرفه‌ای نیاز دارد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| توازن کار و زندگی؛ زنان عضو هیأت علمی؛ آموزش عالی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Narrative of Female Faculty Members from Work Life Balance; A Phenomenological Study | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Somayeh Fereidouni1؛ Saeedeh Esmaeeli2 | ||
| 1Department of Management Studies, Higher Education Research and Planning Institute, Tehran, Iran. fereidouni@irphe.ac.ir. (Corresponding Author) | ||
| 2Ph.D. student in higher education management, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran. saeedehesmaeeli95@gmail.com | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The aim of this study was to explore the lived experiences of female faculty members in the process of work-life balance. This qualitative phenomenological study was conducted within the interpretivism paradigm, and the data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 16 female faculty members from Kharazmi, Al-Zahra, and Khajeh Nasir universities (in Tehran province), Qom university (in Qom province), and Ilam university (in Ilam province). The participants were selected using purposive sampling and represented different disciplines and groups, including technical, basic sciences, and arts and humanities. They held positions ranging from instructor to associate professor, and were both single and married. Based on the findings of the study, the participants' narratives were categorized into six main themes: "participants' lifestyle," "difficulties in the process of recruitment," "incentives," "barriers experienced in the process of work-life balance," "experienced strategies for work-life balance," and "suggestions for work-life balance." In conclusion, the study highlights the need for a transformation in university institutions to accept the presence of women and support them as professional forces. Work Life Balance, Female Faculty Members, Higher Education, Gender, Gender based Policy Making. Introduction Women faculty members in modern universities face additional pressure as they are often required to balance work and home duties in a society governed by patriarchal norms, neoliberalism, and a capitalist approach. While balancing professional and household roles is a common issue for both male and female faculty members, gender-specific issues arise since women must often choose different strategies. Therefore, it is crucial to focus on the gender factor in work-life balance processes. The present study aimed to analyze the lived experiences of female faculty members in the work-life balance process. Balancing professional and domestic roles has been a significant focus for organizations, as it plays an important role in job satisfaction and creating a positive and productive work environment. This issue is multifactorial, and factors such as work stress, job dissatisfaction, and workload may have a significant impact on work-life balance. Research has shown that women faculty members face additional difficulties in achieving work-life balance due to societal norms and expectations, which involve household responsibilities.. Methodology In this present study, the researcher aimed to explore the lived experiences of 16 female faculty members from various universities, including Kharazmi Uni, Al-Zahra Uni, Khajeh Nasir Uni, Qom Uni, and Ilam Uni. The participants were selected using a purposive sampling strategy and represented different disciplines and groups, such as technical, basic sciences, arts, and humanities. The levels of their positions ranged from instructor to associate professor. They were both single and married. The participants for the study were selected using a purposeful sampling strategy, and data was collected through online interviews due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which required adherence to health protocols. The researcher attempted to collect diverse perspectives and avoid center-oriented research, providing a space for the voices of women who are frequently neglected in studies. Findings The study's findings underscore the need to consider the gender factor in work-life balance issues and the challenges women faculty members face in achieving work-life balance in modern universities. Understanding their lived experiences can help policymakers develop strategies that promote improved personal and professional conditions for women in academic settings. Result According to the findings of the study, the experiences of female faculty members in balancing their work and personal lives can be categorized into six levels, including their lifestyle, difficulties during the recruitment process, incentives, barriers they face while balancing their work and personal lives, strategies they use to achieve work-life balance, and suggestions they have for improving this process. References Choudhary, P. V. & Yadav, P. (2019). An examination to measure the work life balance among female faculty working in private and public universities of Delhi/NCR region. International of Recent Technology and Engineering, 8(3S3), 70-77. Dam, L. B. & Daphtardar, S. (2012). Work - Life Balance by Women Faculty Members : The Conundrum Within. KIIT Journal of Management, 8, 55–67. Davoodi, M. & Shamsi, M. (2019). Identifying The factors affecting the balance between work and life in employed women. Journal of Women and Culture, 10(38), 43-60. (In Persian) Dhavala, Kushi, K. B, Divyashree, Frank, R. A, Kamath, S. S, & Bennehalli, B. (2019). A study on work life balance of women teachers in a Mangalore engineering college. Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies, 4(1), 1–8. Fereidouni, S. (2018). Reflection on female situation in Iranian official documents. Institution for Socio Cultural Studies. Tehran: Iran. (In Persian) Fereidouni, S. & Rouhani, S. (2019). Higher education expansion policy in Iran and its impact on educational justice. Journal of Research and Planning in Higher Education, 25(2), 1-21. (In Persian) Gossage, L. (2019). Work-life balance of tenured and tenure-track women engineering professors. Doctoral Dissertation. Walden University. Washington: USA. Greenhaus, J. H. & Powell, GN. (2006). When work and family are allies: A theory of work-family enrichment. The Academy of Management Review, 31(1), 72–92. Hassan Gholipour, T., Seyed Javadin, R., Safiri, K. & Roshan Nejad, M. (2013). Provide a model for explaining the factors affecting work–life balance. Journal of Public Administration, 5(2), 37-54. (In Persian) Iran Nejad, M., AzizAbade, F. & Razavi, F. (2013). A study on the impact of” job sharing” on the employees’ balance of work and living in the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs. Journal of Future Studies Management, 24(99), 15-19. (In Persian) Kesehatan, K. (2019). Work-life balancing practices among women higher education educators. Αγαη, 8(5), 55. Lakshmi, N. & Prasanth, V. S. (2018). A study on work-life balance in working women. International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Scientific Research, 1(7), 76–88. Mazerolle, S. & Barrett, J. (2018). Work-life balance in higher education for women: Perspectives of athletic training faculty. Athletic Training Education Journal, 13(3), 248-258. Mazerolle, S. M,. Bruening, J. E. & Casa, D. J. (2008). Work-family conflict, part I: Antecedents of work-family conflict in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I-A certified athletic trainers. Journal of Athletic Training, 43(5), 505–512. Mazerolle, S. M. & Goodman, A. (2013). Fulfillment of work-life balance from the organizational perspective: a case study. Journal of Athletic Training, 48(5), 668–677. Meharunisa, S. (2019). Work-life balance and job stress among female faculties in India’s higher education institutions. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering, 8(2S11), 846-852. Mirabi, S., Yousofi, A. & Sedigh Ouraee, G. (2106). Phenomenology of sexual sin experiences. Journal of Social Problems of Iran, 6(2), 173-194. (In Persian) Mirzaei, V., Rahimnia, F., Mortazavi, S. & Shirazi, A. (2018). Organizational cynicism of the nurses: A phenomenological study. Journal of Quality Research in Health Science, 7(1), 88-102. (In Persian) Moser, A. & Korstjens, I. (2018). Series: Practical guidance to qualitative research. Part 4: trustworthiness and publishing. European Journal of General Practice, 24(1), 120-124. Naugle, K. E., Behar-Horenstein, L. S., Dodd, V. J., Tillman, M. D. & Borsa, P.A. (2013). Perceptions of wellness and burnout among certified athletic trainers: Sex differences. Journal of Athletic Training, 48(3), 424–430. Owens, J. & Tiedt, J. (2018). Strategies to attain faculty work-life balance. Building Healthy Academic Communities Journal, 2(2), 58-73 Perna, L. W. (2005). Sex differences in faculty tenure and promotion: The contributions of family ties. Research in Higher Education, 46(3), 277–307. Philipsen, M. I. (2008). Challenges of the faculty career for women. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Polit, D. F. & Beck, C. T. (2010). Essentials of nursing research: Appraising evidence for nursing practice. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Praveen Kumar, A. J. (2017). Work Life Balance of Women Employees with Reference to Teaching Faculties. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 3(10), 16840–16843. Rathore, D. S. & Tomer, N. (2019). Work life balance: a conceptual reference to female academicians. International Conference on Sustainable Computing in Science, Technology & Management (SUSCOM-2019). Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India, February 26 – 28. Seyyedjavadin, R., Roshannejad, M. & Gelard, P. (2014). Investigating the effective factors on work-life balance in educational institutions: Case study of public universities in Tehran. Women in Development and Politics, 12(1), 39-56. (In Persian) Shumaila, A., Iqbal, S. & Rasheed, M. (2018). Work life balance and intention to quit among female work force. Asia Pacific Institute of Advanced Research, 1(4), 117-126. Soomro, A. A., Breitenecker, R. J. & Shah, S. A. M. (2018). Relation of work-life balance, work-family conflict, and family-work conflict with the employee performance-moderating role of job satisfaction. South Asian Journal of Business Studies, 7(1), 129-146. Sumathi, V. & Velmurugan, R. (2020). The impact of stress and work life balance on job satisfaction among female faculty at select arts and science colleges in Coimbatore district. Journal of Critical Reviews, 7(4), 744-746. Thomas, L. & Paul, R. (2016). Work life balance of female college teachers in thrissur district. International Journal For Innovative Research in Multidisciplinary Field, 2(10), 26–32. Toffoletti, K. & Starr, K. (2016). Women academics and work–life balance: Gendered discourses of work and care. Gender Work & Organization, 23(5), 489-504. Trow, M. (2006). Reflections on the transition from elite to mass to universal access: Forms and phases of higher education in modern societies since World War II. In Forest, J. J. F., & Altbach, P. G. (eds.), International Handbook of Higher Education, Springer International Handbooks of Education. 18, 243-280. Wirihana, L., Welch, A., Williamson, M., Christensen, M., Bakon, S. & Craft, J. (2018). Using Colaizzi's method of data analysis to explore the experiences of nurse academics teaching on satellite campuses. Journal of Nurse Research, 25(4), 30-34. Wolfinger, H. H., Mason, M. A. & Goulden, M. (2008). Problems in the pipeline: Gender, marriage, and fertility in the ivory tower. The Journal of Higher Education, 79(4), 388–405. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Work Life Balance, Female Faculty Members, Higher Education, Gender, Gender based Policy Making | ||
| مراجع | ||
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ایران‌نژاد پاریزی، مهدی.، عزیزآبادی فراهانی، فاطمه و رضوی، فاطمه السادات. (1392). بررسی تأثیر اجرای تسهیم شغل در ایجاد توازن بین کار و زندگی کارکنان وزارت کار و امور اجتماعی. آینده‌پژوهی مدیریت (پژوهشهای مدیریت)، 24(99)، 29-15. حسن‌قلی‌پور، طهمورث.، سیدجوادین، سیدرضا.، سفیری، خدیجه و روشن‌نژاد، مژگان. (1392). ارائه و تبیین مدلی برای علل و عوامل مؤثر بر توازن کار زندگی. مدیریت دولتی، ۵(۲)، 54-37. داودی، مرضیه و شمسی، مراد. (1397). شناسایی عوامل مؤثر بر توازن بین کار و زندگی در زنان شاغل. زن و فرهنگ، ۱۰(38)، 60-43. سیدجوادین، سیدرضا.، روشن‌نژاد، مژگان و گلرد، پروانه. (1393). بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر توازن کار-خانواده در نهادهای آموزشی (مطالعه موردی دانشگاه‌های دولتی شهر تهران). زن در توسعه و سیاست (پژوهش زنان)، ۱۲(۱)، 56-39. فریدونی، سمیه. (۱۳۹۷). واکاوی جایگاه زن در قوانین آموزشی ایران؛ تحلیل جنسیت اسناد قانونی آموزش با محوریت زنان و آموزش عالی. پژوهشکده مطالعات فرهنگی و اجتماعی ایران. فریدونی، سمیه و روحانی، شادی. (1398). سیاست‌های گسترش کمّی آموزش عالی در ایران و پیامدهای آن بر عدالت آموزشی. پژوهش و برنامه‌ریزی در آموزش عالی، ۲۵(۲)، 21-۱. میرابی، سعیده.، یوسفی، علی و صدیق ارومی، غلام‌رضا. (1394). پدیدارشناسی تجربه گناهان جنسی. مسائل اجتماعی ایران، ۶(۲)، 194-173. میرزایی، وحید.، رحیم‌نیا، فریبرز.، مرتضوی، سعید و شیرازی، علی. (1397). بدبینی سازمانی پرستاران: مطالعه پدیدارشناسی. مجله تحقیقات کیفی در علوم سلامت، ۷(۱)، 102-88. Choudhary, P. V. & Yadav, P. (2019). An examination to measure the work life balance among female faculty working in private and public universities of Delhi/NCR region. International of Recent Technology and Engineering, 8(3S3), 70-77. Dam, L. B. & Daphtardar, S. (2012). Work - Life Balance by Women Faculty Members : The Conundrum Within. KIIT Journal of Management, 8, 55–67. Davoodi, M. & Shamsi, M. (2019). Identifying The factors affecting the balance between work and life in employed women. Journal of Women and Culture, 10(38), 43-60. (In Persian) Dhavala, Kushi, K. B, Divyashree, Frank, R. A, Kamath, S. S, & Bennehalli, B. (2019). A study on work life balance of women teachers in a Mangalore engineering college. Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies, 4(1), 1–8. Fereidouni, S. (2018). Reflection on female situation in Iranian official documents. Institution for Socio Cultural Studies. Tehran: Iran. (In Persian) Fereidouni, S. & Rouhani, S. (2019). Higher education expansion policy in Iran and its impact on educational justice. Journal of Research and Planning in Higher Education, 25(2), 1-21. (In Persian) Gossage, L. (2019). Work-life balance of tenured and tenure-track women engineering professors. Doctoral Dissertation. Walden University. Washington: USA. Greenhaus, J. H. & Powell, GN. (2006). When work and family are allies: A theory of work-family enrichment. The Academy of Management Review, 31(1), 72–92. Hassan Gholipour, T., Seyed Javadin, R., Safiri, K. & Roshan Nejad, M. (2013). Provide a model for explaining the factors affecting work–life balance. Journal of Public Administration, 5(2), 37-54. (In Persian) Iran Nejad, M., AzizAbade, F. & Razavi, F. (2013). A study on the impact of” job sharing” on the employees’ balance of work and living in the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs. Journal of Future Studies Management, 24(99), 15-19. (In Persian) Kesehatan, K. (2019). Work-life balancing practices among women higher education educators. Αγαη, 8(5), 55. Lakshmi, N. & Prasanth, V. S. (2018). A study on work-life balance in working women. International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Scientific Research, 1(7), 76–88. Mazerolle, S. & Barrett, J. (2018). Work-life balance in higher education for women: Perspectives of athletic training faculty. Athletic Training Education Journal, 13(3), 248-258. Mazerolle, S. M,. Bruening, J. E. & Casa, D. J. (2008). Work-family conflict, part I: Antecedents of work-family conflict in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I-A certified athletic trainers. Journal of Athletic Training, 43(5), 505–512. Mazerolle, S. M. & Goodman, A. (2013). Fulfillment of work-life balance from the organizational perspective: a case study. Journal of Athletic Training, 48(5), 668–677. Meharunisa, S. (2019). Work-life balance and job stress among female faculties in India’s higher education institutions. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering, 8(2S11), 846-852. Mirabi, S., Yousofi, A. & Sedigh Ouraee, G. (2106). Phenomenology of sexual sin experiences. Journal of Social Problems of Iran, 6(2), 173-194. (In Persian) Mirzaei, V., Rahimnia, F., Mortazavi, S. & Shirazi, A. (2018). Organizational cynicism of the nurses: A phenomenological study. Journal of Quality Research in Health Science, 7(1), 88-102. (In Persian) Moser, A. & Korstjens, I. (2018). Series: Practical guidance to qualitative research. Part 4: trustworthiness and publishing. European Journal of General Practice, 24(1), 120-124. Naugle, K. E., Behar-Horenstein, L. S., Dodd, V. J., Tillman, M. D. & Borsa, P.A. (2013). Perceptions of wellness and burnout among certified athletic trainers: Sex differences. Journal of Athletic Training, 48(3), 424–430. Owens, J. & Tiedt, J. (2018). Strategies to attain faculty work-life balance. Building Healthy Academic Communities Journal, 2(2), 58-73 Perna, L. W. (2005). Sex differences in faculty tenure and promotion: The contributions of family ties. Research in Higher Education, 46(3), 277–307. Philipsen, M. I. (2008). Challenges of the faculty career for women. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Polit, D. F. & Beck, C. T. (2010). Essentials of nursing research: Appraising evidence for nursing practice. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Praveen Kumar, A. J. (2017). Work Life Balance of Women Employees with Reference to Teaching Faculties. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 3(10), 16840–16843. Rathore, D. S. & Tomer, N. (2019). Work life balance: a conceptual reference to female academicians. International Conference on Sustainable Computing in Science, Technology & Management (SUSCOM-2019). Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India, February 26 – 28. Seyyedjavadin, R., Roshannejad, M. & Gelard, P. (2014). Investigating the effective factors on work-life balance in educational institutions: Case study of public universities in Tehran. Women in Development and Politics, 12(1), 39-56. (In Persian) Shumaila, A., Iqbal, S. & Rasheed, M. (2018). Work life balance and intention to quit among female work force. Asia Pacific Institute of Advanced Research, 1(4), 117-126. Soomro, A. A., Breitenecker, R. J. & Shah, S. A. M. (2018). Relation of work-life balance, work-family conflict, and family-work conflict with the employee performance-moderating role of job satisfaction. South Asian Journal of Business Studies, 7(1), 129-146. Sumathi, V. & Velmurugan, R. (2020). The impact of stress and work life balance on job satisfaction among female faculty at select arts and science colleges in Coimbatore district. Journal of Critical Reviews, 7(4), 744-746. Thomas, L. & Paul, R. (2016). Work life balance of female college teachers in thrissur district. International Journal For Innovative Research in Multidisciplinary Field, 2(10), 26–32. Toffoletti, K. & Starr, K. (2016). Women academics and work–life balance: Gendered discourses of work and care. Gender Work & Organization, 23(5), 489-504. Trow, M. (2006). Reflections on the transition from elite to mass to universal access: Forms and phases of higher education in modern societies since World War II. In Forest, J. J. F., & Altbach, P. G. (eds.), International Handbook of Higher Education, Springer International Handbooks of Education. 18, 243-280. Wirihana, L., Welch, A., Williamson, M., Christensen, M., Bakon, S. & Craft, J. (2018). Using Colaizzi's method of data analysis to explore the experiences of nurse academics teaching on satellite campuses. Journal of Nurse Research, 25(4), 30-34. Wolfinger, H. H., Mason, M. A. & Goulden, M. (2008). Problems in the pipeline: Gender, marriage, and fertility in the ivory tower. The Journal of Higher Education, 79(4), 388–405. | ||
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آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 261 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 270 |
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