پیوندهای مفید
اخبار و اعلانات
آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 25 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 959 |
| تعداد مقالات | 7,901 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 13,355,084 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 9,480,572 |
مطالعه روایتپردازانه نقشمایة اسب در نگاره ضحاک ماردوش | ||
| پژوهش نامه گرافیک نقاشی | ||
| مقاله 4، دوره 5، شماره 9، بهمن 1401، صفحه 48-59 اصل مقاله (1.36 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22051/pgr.2023.41458.1157 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| الهه پنجه باشی* 1؛ نگار نجیبی2 | ||
| 1دانشــیار گــروه نقاشــی، دانشــکده هنــر، دانشــگاه الزهــرا، تهــران، ایــران، نویســنده مســئول. | ||
| 2کارشناسی ارشد، گروه نقاشی، دانشکده هنر، دانشگاه الزهرا (س)، تهران، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| ماهیت روایت‌شناسی در حوزه تصویر نمود متمایزی نسبت به دیگر حوزه های دیداری روایت داستانی دارد. تفاوت روایت مصور با روایت‌های ادبی در لحظه‌ای بودن نمایش آن‌ها است. نگاره‌های شاهنامه طهماسبی یکی از نمونه‌های خوانش بصری شاهنامه به صورت تصویر است. در این نوشتار، سعی شده تا با مطالعه روایتپردازانه در یکی از نگاره‌های شاهنامه طهماسبی با عنوان ضحاک ماردوش، مسیر دگرگونی میان متن تصویری نگاره با متن ادبی شاهنامه شناسایی شود. از آن جا که یکی از پُرکاربردترین نقش‌مایه‌های این نگاره، نقش مایه اسب است، بنابراین، این نوشتار بر این نقش‌مایه تأکید دارد. بر این اساس، در این نوشتار با استفاده از روش پژوهش توصیفی-تحلیلی و گردآوری مطالب به شیوة اسنادی، پرسش‌هایی مطرح می‌شود که از این قرارند: نشانه‌های روایت تصویری نگاره ضحاک ماردوش در شاهنامه طهماسبی تا چه اندازه با نشانه‌های بیانی شاهنامه هماهنگی دارد؟ دگرگونی معنا در فرآیند تبدیل متن داستان ضحاک ماردوش به صورت تصویری در نگاره ضحاک ماردوش چگونه انجام گرفته‌است؟ یافته‌های پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که در بازنمود روایی ترسیم خطوط فرضی در نگاره ضحاک ماردوش، این نگاره به دو عنصر فعال و پاسخگو گروه‌بندی شده‌است. در مطالعه ترکیب بندی و رنگ بندی این نگاره، در پی دلالت های معنایی و مفاهیم روایت شناختی دریافت شده، اجزای تصویر با یکدیگر ارتباط دارند؛ و در پی آن، نقش مایه اسب به عنوان عامل فعال به اجزای درون تصویر که نقش پاسخگو را بر عهده دارند، معنا می‌بخشد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها: روایت شناختی؛ نگارگری؛ نقش مایه اسب؛ شاهنامه طهماسبی؛ دوره صفوی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The Narratological Analysis of the Horse Motif in the Painting of "Zahhak: The Legend of the Serpent King" | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Elaheh Panjehbashi1؛ Negar Najibi2 | ||
| 1Associate Professor, Department of Painting, Faculty of Arts, Alzahra University,Tehran, Iran ,Corresponding Author. | ||
| 2Master , Department of Painting, Faculty of Arts, Al-Zahra University, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The nature of narratology in the field of picture, since it has a distinctive appearance compared to other visual areas of the narrative, is clearly different from other fields. The difference between a pictorial narrative, such as a painting or a miniature, and literary or cinematic narratives is in the momentary nature of its presentation. In such a way that there is no time sequence in their narrative. In a general definition, narratology is the study of narrative and narrative structure, as well as the methods that affect human perception when faced with it. The origin of narratology goes back to Aristotle's theories about the science of speech. Nevertheless, it is accepted that modern narratology was initiated by the Russian formalists, especially Vladimir Propp and Mikhail Bakhtin's theories of heteroglossia, dialogism, and chronology, first introduced in his book; The Dialogic Imagination: Four Essays (1975). In general, the narrative has been proposed as a description of two separate events, and theorists have been discussing the form and context of narratology for a long time. Meanwhile, Tahmasbi Shahnameh is one of the most well-known collections of narrative paintings in Iranian culture and art, which has a strong link with the classical literature of Iran and expresses the stories and events of the Shahnameh in the form of pictorial narration.Tahmasabi Shahnameh illustrations are one of the examples of visual reading of the Shahnameh narration in the form of pictures. In this research, it identifies the path of transformation between pictorial text and literary text of Shahnameh through the narratological analysis of one of Tahmasbi Shahnameh miniatures titled "Zahhak: The legend of the Serpent King", and since one of the most used motifs in this illustration is the horse, therefore, this article emphasizes on this motif. In this article, taking into account that the essence of narrative studies is in the field of imagery, which is different from other visual fields of narrative, an attempt has been made to analyze and examine the image of Zahhak Mardosh, emphasizing the role of the horse motif. Zahak Mardosh's painting of Tahmasabi Shahnameh, which belongs to the Safavid period, is one of the examples of visual expression and narrative painting. Due to the abundant use of the role of the horse in this painting, the role of the horse has been emphasized in the analysis of its visual narrative. In this picture, which refers to the tying of "Zahhak" in a cave, it represents the story of "Zahhak: The legend of the Serpent King" in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh from the perspective of visual media. The fact that a story can be told in different media is one of the basic claims of narratology, and in this article, he tries to analyze the visual narrative of this picture by examining two active and responsive elements in this picture. In general, visual narration originates from the assumption that individual images are capable of evoking stories or implying meaning, but for storytelling in the strict narratological sense, a specific path must be determined, which can be achieved by creating semantic bases from two factors: the active and responsive. Therefore, in order to find semantic implications during the analysis of the narrative of visual expression, attention should be paid to this issue. So far, the studies on the visual format of narratives have been limited to studies on the structural composition and coloring and the relationship between the components of the visual elements of the image, and less attention has been paid to the concepts of the semantic implications of the images based on the theories of narrative theory. Considering the few studies in this field, the necessity of research in this case requires that more attention should be paid to the discussion in this field. In this way, the purpose of this article is to study the narrative role of the horse in the painting of "Zahhak: The legend of the Serpent King" by using visual cognitive narrative analysis to identify the two elements of the active and responsive parts and to identify the signs of the pictorial narrative and to find the visual semantic implications of the text of this story in this painting. This article is focused on the different way of expressing the visual meaning of this painting with the literary text of Shahnameh. It should be noted that since one of the most widely used motifs in this painting is the motif of a horse, the motif of a horse is considered one of the important visual elements in relation to the semantic implications in the narration of this story. The nature of this research is of a basic type that has used the descriptive-analytical research method and examines the role of the horse in the painting of "Zahhak: The Legend of Serpent King" in the Tahmasbi Shahnameh. The aim of the research is to identify and analyse images and how they relate to the narrative text in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh. In addition, in the context of the destination, a picture with the same title is considered in the Shahnameh of Shah Tahmasab. Finally, they are compared in two different mediums of Iranian literature and painting. The research questions are: To what extent are the signs of the pictorial narration of the Miniature of "Zahhak: The Legend of the Serpent King" in Tamasabi Shahnameh compatible with the expressive signs of the Shahnameh? How has the meaning transformation in the process of transforming the text of this narration into a picture in the miniature of "Zahhak: The Legend of the Serpent King"? In this way, in the first part of this article, the analysis of the visual narration of the story of "Zahhak: The Legend of the Serpent King" is discussed, and then, the perception of semantic implications from the visual media in this image is examined. In the other part, the structural analysis of the narrative is done, in order to analyze this image, hypothetical lines have been drawn in connection with visual elements and the relationship between these elements has been identified. In this way, two active and responsive parts were defined and the position of each element in these two parts was determined. Therefore, the layers of Shahnameh narrative in this painting are extracted based on two components: active and responsive part. In this way, in the narrative analysis of "Zahhak: The legend of the Serpent King", two active and responsive factors were identified, which are simultaneously with the narration of the story, these elements, which are parts of the trajectory of "Zahhak: The legend of the Serpent King", with the constant variable of the visual expression of the story, which is the role of the horse. They have established a close relationship. In such a way that in the visual reading of the components of the composition of the picture from the painter’s point of view, the main core of the picture is drawn on top of the picture, in a way that dominates the role of other elements. The role of horse motif has also been introduced as an active factor in the story line of this narrative, which in the study of composition and colouring of this motif role, has connected with the responsive elements which are the scenes of the story. Therefore, the role of human elements has been introduced in this picture as a part of the responsive elements. The results show that in the representation of hypothetical vectors in the illustration of "Zahhak: The Legend of the Serpent King", this miniature is divided into two active and responsive parts, which connect the components of the picture horizontally, vertically or diagonally. Therefore, the horse motif as an active factor gives shape to the components in the image. In the end, in extracting the layers of Shahnameh's narrative in pictorial form, in addition to the represented visual elements of the story, attention has also been paid to the type of interactive elements in the form of two active and responsive agents. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Keywords: Narratology, Miniature, The Horse Motif, Tahmasabi Shahnameh, The Safavid Period | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
احمدی نیا، محمدجواد (1393). «نگاره‌های شاهنامه طهماسبی: از هاروارد تا فرهنگستان هنر»، نقد کتاب هنر،1(2)، 37-54.
برتنس، هانس (1387). مبانی نظریۀ ادبی، ترجمۀ محمدرضا ابوالقاسمی (چاپ دوم)، تهران: ماهی.
حبیبی، علی اصغر؛ مالکی جبلی، فاطمه؛ بهارلو، امیر (1395). «روایت شناسی تطبیقی داستان «فریدون و ضحاک» و «موسی و فرعون»»، ادبیات تطبیقی، 8(14)، 118-138. Doi: 10.22103/JCL.2016.1487
حسینی شعار، سیده الهه؛ رضایی، صدیقه؛ شهسواری، غلامرضا (1398). «جلوه‌های ادبیات پایداری در داستان کاوه و ضحاک شاهنامه»، فصلنامه علمی مطالعات دفاع مقدس، 5 (1)، 9-31. Doi: 20.1001.1.25883674.1398.5.1.1.3
ربیع زاده، سمیرا و جعفری دهکردی، ناهید (1399). «نشانه‌شناسی تصویری سه نگاره از نبرد رستم با سهراب در شاهنامه طهماسبی»، پژوهشنامه گرافیک و نقاشی، 3(5)، 77- 90. Doi: 10.22051/PGR.2021.33136.1086
سلیمانی ،کوشکی؛ طاهری صدرالدین؛ صابر، زینب (1398). «تحلیل روایت شناختی نگارة« بر تخت نشستن اسکندر» در شاهنامة بزرگ ایلخانی برپایة الگوی نشانه شناسی اجتماعی تصویر»، روایت شناسی، 2 (6)، 261- 292.
شاد قزوینی، پریسا (1382). «بررسی پالت رنگ در پنج نگاره از نگاره‌های شاهنامه شاه طهماسب»، جلوه هنر، 3(23)، 23- 14.
شاطری، میترا؛ احمد طجری، پروانه. (1395). «مطالعه تأثیرپذیری نگاره های شاهنامه طهماسبی از تغییر مذهب در دوره صفوی»، نگره، 42، 47-61.
فردوسی، ابوالقاسم (1378). شاهنامة فردوسی، بر اساس چاپ مسکو، مشهد: سخن گستر.
فلاح، غلامعلی؛ افشاری، نرجس.(1395). «تحلیل داستان «رستم و سهراب» بر اساس نظریه ی روایت شناسی کلود برمون»، پژوهشنامه نقد ادبی و بلاغت، 5(1)، 51- 71. Doi: 10.22059/JLCR.2016.59104
کریم اُف، کریم (1385). سلطان محمد و مکتب او (مکتب تبریز)، تهران: وزارت فرهنگ و ارشاد اسلامی.
لطیفیان، نارملا؛ شایسته فر، مهناز (1381). «بررسی ویژگی ها و مطالعه تطبیقی نگاره های ایرانی در دوران تیموری و صفوی (دو شاهنامه بایسنقری- شاه طهماسبی)»، مدرس هنر، 2(1)، 66 -55.
محمدزاده، مهدی؛ ظاهر، عادل (1394). «تأثیر شاهنامه طهماسبی در سنت شاهنامه نگاری عثمانی»، نگره، 10(34)، 23-35 Doi: 10.22070/NEGAREH.2015.210
محمدی، علی؛ بهرامی پور، نوشین (1390). «تحلیل داستان رستم و سهراب بر اساس نظریه های روایت شناسی»، ادب پژوهی، 5(15)،141-168. Doi: 20.1001.1.17358027.1390.5.15.4.7
مقنی پور، مجیدرضا؛ چراغی نظر، اکبر (1399). «تحلیل روایت شناختی نگارة «گذر سیاوش از آتش» از شاهنامة شاه طهماسبی برمبنای الگوی پراپ»، پژوهش های ادبیات تطبیقی، 8 (3)، ۱۵۴-۱۸۵.
موسوی لر، اشرف السادات؛ مصباح، گیتا (1390). «تحلیل ساختار روایت در نگاره «مرگ ضحاک» بر اساس الگوی کنشی گریماس»، نشریه هنرهای زیبا- هنرهای تجسمی، 3(45)، 23-34. Doi: 20.1001.1.22286039.1390.3.45.3.0
References
Ahmadinia, M. (2013). “Tahmasabi's Shahnameh Pantings: From Harvard to Farhangestan-e-Honar”, A Quarterly Book Review, 1(2), 54-37, (Text in Persian).
Barthes, R. (1997). Introduction to the Structural Analysis of Narratives, in Image, Music, Taste, Essays Selected and Translated by Stephen Heath, London: Fontana.
Bertens, H. (2008). Literary Theory the Basics, Translated by Mohammad Reza Abul Qasimi, (2nd ed), Tehran: Mahi, (Text in Persian).
Dickson, M. B., Welch, S. C. (1981). The Houghton Shahnameh, 2 vols. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Fallah, Gh., Afshari, N. (2016). “Analysis of “Rustam and Sohrab” Tragedy on the Basis of Bremond’s Narrative Theory”, Journal of Literary Criticism and Rhetoric, 5(1), 51-71, Doi: 10.22059/JLCR.2016.59104 (Text in Persian).
Ferdowsi, A. (1999). Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, Based on the Moscow Edition, Mashhad: SokhonGostar, (Text in Persian).
Genette, G. (1997). Paratexts: Thresholds of Interpretation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Habibi, A. A., Maleki Jabali, F., Baharlu, A. (2016). “Comparative Anecdote of “Feraydoon and Zihak” and “Moses and Pharaoh””, The Journal of Comparative Literature, 8(14), 118-138, Doi: 10.22103/JCL.2016.1487 (Text in Persian).
Hosseini Shoar, S. E., Rezaie, S., Shahsavari, Gh. R. (2019). “Effects of Sustainability Literature in the Story of Kaveh and Zahak Shahnameh”, Holy Defense Studies, 5(1), 9-31, Doi: 20.1001.1.25883674.1398.5.1.1.3 (Text in Persian).
Karimov, K. (2006). Sultan Muhammad and His School (School of Tabriz). Tehran: Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance, (Text in Persian).
Latifian, N., Shayestehfar, M. (2002). “Investigating the Characteristics and Comparative Study of Iranian Paintings in the Timurid and Safavid Eras (Two Shahnameh Baysangri-Shahtahmasbi) ”, The Modares of Art, 2(1). 55-66, (Text in Persian).
Merriam-Webster (2016). The Merriam-Webster Dictionary. USA: Merriam-Webster.
Moghnipour, M & Cheraghi Nazar, A. (2019). “The Narrative Analysis of the Painting of "Siavash Passage of Fire" from Shah Tahmasebi's Shahnameh, Based on Prop's Pattern”, Comparative Literature Researches, 8 (3), 154-185, (Text in Persian).
Mohammadi, A. & Bahrami Poor, N. (2011). “Analysis of Rostam and Sohrāb in the Light of the Theories on Narrative”, Adabpazhuhi, 5(15), 141-168, Doi: 20.1001.1.17358027.1390.5.15.4.7 (Text in Persian).
Mohammad-zadeh, M., Zaher, A. (2015). “Tahmasebi Shahnameh Impact in the Tradition of Ottoman Shahnameh journalism”, Negareh, 10(34), 23-35, Doi: 10.22070/NEGAREH.2015.210, (Text in Persian).
Mousavi Lar, A. S., Mesbah, G. (2011). “Analyzing The Narrative Structure Of “The Death Of Zahhak”; A Persian Painting; According to Greimas’s Actantial Model”, Honar-Ha-Ye-Ziba Honar-Ha-Ye Tajassomi, 3(45), 23-34 , Doi: 20.1001.1.22286039.1390.3.45.3.0 (Text in Persian).
Rabizadeh, S., Jafari Dehkirdi, N. (2021). “Visual Semiotics of three Paintings of Rostam's Battle with Sohrab in Shahnameh of Shah Tahmasp”, Journals of Graphic Arts & Painting, 3(5), 77-90, Doi: 10.22051/PGR.2021.33136.1086 (Text in Persian).
Shad Qazvini, P. (2003). “An Examination of the Color palette in Five Paintings from Shah Tahmasab's Shahnameh”, Glory of Art, 3(23), 14-23, (Text in Persian).
Shateri, M. & Ahmadtajari, P. (2016). “Study of the Influence of the Safavid Era Religion Conversion on the Paintings of Shahnameh of Shah Tahmasp”, Negareh, 42, 47- 61, (Text in Persian).
Solaymani, M., Tahery, S., Saber, Z. ( 2019). “A Narrative Survey on the Folio of “Alexander on the Throne” in The Great Ilkhanid Shahnama, based on Semiotics Social Pattern of Image, “Iskander's Sitting on the Throne” in Ilkhani's Great Shahnameh based on the Model of Social Semiotics of the Image”, Narrative Studies, 6(2), 261-292, (Text in Persian). | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 387 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 271 |
||