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نقش قدرت واجی در بروز فرایندهای تقویت در فارسی بر مبنای رویکردهای فولی و ونمان | ||
| زبان پژوهی | ||
| مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 08 خرداد 1401 | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22051/jlr.2022.38639.2118 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
زهرا کریمی باوریانی  1؛ عالیه کامبوزیا کرد زعفرانلو2
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| 1دانش آموخته دوره دکتری زبانشناسی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی | ||
| 2دانشگاه تربیت مدرس | ||
| چکیده | ||
| پژوهش پیش رو به نقش قدرت واجی در بروز فرایندهای تقویت در زبان فارسی می‌پردازد. فرایندهای تقویت «انسدادی‌شدگی غلت»، «سایشی‌شدگی غلت»، «انسایشی‌شدگی غلت»، «واک‌رفتگی»و «دهانی‌شدگی» با توجه به مفاهیم «قدرت جایگاهی»، «قدرت همگون‌کننده» و «اصل توسعۀ ماندگاری» (فولی، 1977) و «قوانین بهینۀ ساخت هجا» (ونمان، 1988) تحلیل شده‌اند. روش گردآوری داده‌ها به صورت کتاب‌خانه‌ای می‌باشد و با بهره‌گیری از واژه‌نامه‌های زبان‌های فارسی باستان و فارسی میانه صورت گرفته است. داده‌ها در قالب واژه و به شمار 2000 واژۀ فارسی میانه و 3000 واژۀ فارسی باستان هستند که دستخوش فرایندهای واجی مورد نظر شده‌اند. برخی از یافته‌های پژوهش عبارتند از: 1- فرایندواک‌رفتگی» در جهت رعایت «اصل توسعۀ ماندگاری» روی‌داده است. در بروز هر 5 فرایند عامل «قدرت جایگاهی» دارای نقش است. 2- همخوان‌های /w/، /y/ و /h/در جایگاه آغازۀ هجا و آغاز واژه به منظور اصلاح آغازۀ نامطلوب فارسی میانه و تحت تأثیر «قانون آغازۀ برتر» به ترتیب به همخوان‌های [b, Ɉ, v]،[ʤ]و [χ]تبدیل شده و آغازۀ برتر در فارسی نو به دست آمده است. 3- جایگاه قرار گرفتن همخوان در هجا و تکواژ در زبان فارسی نقش تعیین‌کننده در تغییر آن‌ها دارد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| قدرت واجی؛ قدرت جایگاهی؛ اصل توسعۀ ماندگاری؛ قوانین بهینۀ ساخت هجا؛ زبان فارسی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The Role of Phonological Strength in the Occurrence of Fortition Processes in Persian Languages Based on the Approaches of Foley and Vennemann | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| zahra karimibavaryani1؛ kamboziya kamboziya2 | ||
| 1graduate in linguistics | ||
| 2tarbiyat modarres university | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| 1. Introduction Phonologists have spoken about lenition and fortition for more than a century, in fact, therefore, for as long as phonology has existed. The first scientific terminology that was introduced in the 19th century in order to talk about manner distinctions is based on the intuition that sounds naturally range on a scale which expresses strength. This paper studies the role of phonological strength in the occurrence of fortition processes in Persian language. The fortition processes of glide occlusivization, glide fricativization, glide affrication and buccalization according to the concepts of «positional strength», «assimilative strength» and «the inertial development principle» (Foley, 1977) and «the preference laws for syllable structure» (Vennemann, 1988) are analyzed. The questions posed in the present study are: 1- In the occurrence of each of the processes of glide occlusivization, glide fricativization, glide affrication, devoicing and buccalization, which of the factors mentioned in the Foley approach (1977) have a role? 2- To what extent have the mentioned processes been done in order to improve the structure of the syllable according to the " the preference laws for syllable structure" (Vennemann, 1988)? 3- What is the explanation of the role of "phonological strength" in the emergence of Persian language strengthening processes? The structure of the present research is as follows: in the second part of the research history, in the third and fourth parts, the research method and theoretical foundations are discussed, respectively. The fifth section is dedicated to data analysis and the sixth section to findings. 2. Materials and Methods Middle and Old Persian data have been collected from these sources: "A concise Pahlavi Dictionary " (Mackenzie, translated by Mirfakhraee, 2012), "A Manual of Pahlavi" (Nyberg, 2011), "Old Persian: Grammar, Texts and Lexicon" (Kent, 1953) and the University of Texas Center for Linguistic Research Web site at: https://lrc.la.utexas.edu/eieol_base_form_dictionary/aveol/22 The data are in the form of words and their transcription is presented in old and Middle Persian using the old transliteration method which is used by linguists in the indication of historical data and their equivalents in modern Persian are indicated by the international transliteration alphabet IPA. 3. Results and Discussion 1- In the occurrence of each of the processes of glide occlusivization, glide fricativization, glide affrication and buccalization, which of the factors mentioned in the Foley approach (1977) have a role? After examining the processes discussed in the question, it was found that all 4 processes, the factor of "positional strength" has a role. 2- To what extent have the mentioned processes been done in order to improve the structure of the syllable according to the " the preference laws for syllable structure" (Vennemann, 1988)? After examining the studied processes, it was found that the consonants /θ/, /w/, /y/ and /h/ in the position of the onset of the syllable and the morpheme in order to correct the undesirable onset of Middle Persian were affected by the preferred onset law and has changed to [s], [b, Ɉ, v], [ʤ] and [χ], respectively, and the preferred onset has been obtained in modern Persian. 3- What is the explanation of the role of "phonological strength" in the emergence of Persian language strengthening processes? In response to the third question, after examining the processes of glide occlusivization, glide fricativization, glide affrication and buccalization, it was found that the position of consonant in syllable and morpheme in Persian language has an important role in changing them. The consonant /θ/ is reinforced in the strong position of the beginning of the word and syllable and becomes /s/, and in the weak position of the terminal it undergoes the process of "debuccalization" and becomes [h], / xšāyaθiya / → [ʃɑh] "King". Middle Persian glide /w/ has become as stop consonants [b, Ɉ] at the beginning of the word. Under the influence of "fricativization" at the beginning of the syllable and the word in modern Persian, this glide has become a consonant [v]. The middle Persian glide /y/ has become an affricate consonant [ʤ] at the beginning of the word during the process of "glide affrication". The conversion of the glottal /h/ in Middle Persian to the oral consonant [χ] occurred at the beginning of the word in modern Persian under the influence of the "buccalization" process. 4. Conclusion: In all 4 processes, the factor of "positional strength" has a role. 2- The consonants / θ / and /ç/, /w/, /y/ and /h/ in the position of the onset of the syllable and the beginning of the word in order to correct the undesirable and weak onset in Middle Persian under the influence of the "the law of heads", have been converted to [b, Ɉ, v], [ʤ] and [χ] respectively and a preferred onset has been obtained in Modern Persian. 3- The position of consonants in syllables and morphemes in Persian language plays an important role in changing them. Keywords: Phonological Strength, Positional Strength, Inertial Development Principle, Preference Laws for Syllable Structure | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Phonological Strength, Positional Strength, The Inertial Development Principle, The Preference Laws for Syllable Structure | ||
| مراجع | ||
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آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 6 |
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