رواداری سوداگرانه؛ بررسی تأثیر روحیۀ تاجرمآبانۀ سغدی‌ها در انتشار دین‌های گوناگون در آسیای میانه و چین

Arrian(1967), Anabasis Alexandri, Translated by E. Iliff Robson, Massachusetts: Harvard university press.

Back Michael (1978), Die Sassanidischen Staatsinschriften (Acta Iranica 18), Leiden: Brill.

Bartholomae Christian (1904), Alteiranisches Wörterbuch, ,Strassburg: K. J. Trübner, 1904.

Baumer, Christoph (2008), traces in the desert, Translated by Colin Boone, London: I.B.Tauris & Co Ltd.

Chavannes, Édouard (1903), documents sur les Tou-Kiue (Turcs) occidentaux, St.Peterburg: l'Académie Impériale des Sciences.

Christensen, Arthur (1936), L'Iran sous les Sassanides, Copenhague: Levin and Munksgaard.

De La Vaissière , Ètienne (2019), “the Faith of Wirkak the Dēnāwar, or Manichaeism as Seen from a Zoroastrian Point of View” in Bulletin of the Asia Institute, new series/volume 29, New York: Monimos Foundation.

De La Vaissière , Ètienne (2005), Sogdian Traders, Translated by James Ward, Leiden: Brill.

Foltz, Richard (2013), “The Role of the Sogdians in the Spread of World Religions” in V. Naddaf, F. Goshtasb, M. Shokri-Foumeshi (ed), Ranj o Ganj, Papers in Honour of Z. Zarshenas (24-31), Tehran: Institute for Humanities & Cultural Studies.

Gharib ,B (1995), Sogdian Dictionary: Sogdian -Persian-English, Tehran: Farhangan.

Gignoux, Ph. and. Litvinsky, B. A (1996), « Religions and religious movements – I” ",  in B. A. Litvinsky (ed), History of civilizations of Central Asia, vol.3 ,pp.403-421, Paris, Unesco.

Grenet Frantz (2007), "Religious Diversity among Sogdian Merchants in Sixth-Century China: Zoroastrianism, Buddhism, Manichaeism, and Hinduism" in Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 27 (2), pp.463–478 .

Grenet, F., Riboud,P and Junkai,Y (2004),” Zoroastrian Scenes on a Newly Discovered Sogdian Tomb in Xi'an, Northern China”, Studia Iranica, 33, pp. 273-284.

Grenet, Frantz (2002), "Zoroastrian themes on early medieval Sogdian Ossuaries" in A Zoroastrian tapestry : art, religion & culture, Usmanpura, India : Mapin Pub.

Grenet, Frantz (2015), “Zoroastrianism in Central Asia” in The Wiley Blackwell Companion   to Zoroastrianism, Edited by Michael Stausberg and Yuhan Sohrab‐Dinshaw Vevaina with the assistance of Anna Tessmann, West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Hansen, Valerie (2012), The Silk Road : a new history , New York: Oxford University Press.

Henning, W. B.(1965) , “A Sogdian God”, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies,  Vol. 28, No. 2, pp. 242-254.

Klimkeit ,H.J (2000),” Manichaeism and Nestorian Christianity”,in M. S. Asimov and C. E. Bosworth (ed.), History of civilizations of Central Asia, vol.4, pt 2, pp.69-81, Paris: Unesco.

Kent, Roland Grubb (1989), Old Persian: grammar, texts, lexicon, New Haven: American Oriental Society.

Litvinsky, B. A and Vorobyova-Desyatovskaya, M. I (1996), “Religions and religious movements – II”, in B. A. Litvinsky (ed), History of civilizations of Central Asia, vol.3 , pp 421-449, Paris: Unesco.

Marshak, B. I  and Negmatov , N. N (1996), "Sogdian",  in B. A. Litvinsky (ed), History of civilizations of Central Asia, vol.3 , pp. 233-281, Paris: Unesco.

McLaughlin, Raoul (2016), The Roman Empire and the Silk Routes, South Yorkshire: pen and sword history.

Minorsky, V (1937), Hudud al-Alam. The regions of the world: a Persian geography, 372 A.H. / 982 A.D., translated and explained by V. Minorsky ; with the preface by V. V. Barthold, London:  Gibb Memorial Trust.

Payne E, Richard(2018), “The Silk Road and the Iranian political economy in late antiquity: Iran, the Silk Road, and the problem of aristocratic empire” in Bulletin of SOAS, 81, 2,pp. 227-250.

Rong, Xinjiang, (2013), Eighteen Lectures on Dunhuang, Translated by Imre Galambos, Leiden: Brill.

Rong, Xinjiang , (2001), “New Light on Sogdian Colonies along the Silk Road: Recent Archaeological Finds in Northern China” in Berlin-Brandenburgischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Berichte und Abhandlungenseries, 10, pp. 147-160.

Rong, Xinjiang,  (2018), “Sogdian merchants and Sogdian culture on the Silk Road” in Nicola di Cosmo, Michael Maas (ed.), empires and exchanges in Eurasian late antiquity Rome, China, Iran, and the Steppe, ca. 250–750, pp.84-96, London: Cambridge University Press.

-Strabo (1961), Geography of Strabo, translated by Horace Leonard Jones, Massachusetts: Harvard university press.

-The great Tang dynasty records of the western regions(1996), Translated by Li Rongxi, Moraga: BDK America, Inc.

-The Persian Rivayats of Hormazyar Framarz and Others (1932), translated Ervad B. N. Dhabhar, Bombay :K.R. Cama Oriental Institute.

-Vessantara Jātaka (1946), translated by Émile Benveniste, Paris: Mission Pelliot En Asie Centrale.

-Wriggins ,Sally Hovey(1996), The Silk Road journey with Xuanzang, Colorado: Westview Press.

Xue Li, (1994), Zhongguo sichou zhilu cidian (in Chinese), Urumqi: Xinjiang Renmin Chubanshe.

List of Sources with English Handwriting

Balāḏorī, Aḥmad b. Yaḥyā, (1988), Fotūḥ al-Boldān, Beirut, Maktabat al-Hilāl.

Belenitskii, Aledsandr Markovich (1364 Š.), Ḵorāsān va Māvarāʼ al-nahr(Āsīyāy-e Mīyāneh), translated by Parvīz Varǰāvand, Tehran: Goftār. [In Persian]

Bīrūnī, Abū Reyḥān Moḥammad b. Aḥmad (1380 Š.), Āṯār al-Bāqīa ‘an al-Qorūn al-Ḵālīa,edited by Parvīz Aẕkāʼīī, Mīrāṯ-e Maktūb.

Bondaheš (1385 Š.), Farnbaḡdādagī, edited by Mehrdād Bahār, Tehran: Tūs. [In Persian]

Foltz, Richard (1385 š), Religions of the Silk Road, translated by A. Pāšāʼīī, Tehran: Farāvān. [In Persian]

Ḥodūd al-Ālam min al-Mašreq el al-Maḡreb (1369 Š.), ed. Manūčehr Sotūdeh, Tehran:Tahūrī.[In Persian]

Ibn Nadīm, Moḥammad b. Esḥaq (1398), Al-Fihrest, Beirut: Dar Al-Ma'rifah.

Qarib, Badr al-Zaman (1376 š), "Soḡdīhā va ǰādey-e Abrīšam", Irān šenaḵt, No. 5, pp. 247-281, Tehrān: anĵoman-e Īrānšenāsān-e jomhūrīy-e Īslāmī-e Īrān va kešvarhāy-e moštarak al-manaf‘ va Qafqāz. [In Persian]

Qarib, Badr al-Zaman (1392 š), "Soḡdīhā:Āsīyāy-e mīyāneh va ǰādey-e Abrīšam", ", dar motale‘āt-e Soḡdī, edited by Muḥammad Šokrī Fūmešī, pp. 17-39, Tehrān: Tahūrī.[In Persian]

Reżā, ʻENāyatollāh (1381 Š.), Īrān va Torkān dar rūzegar-e Sāsānīyān , Tehran: Entešārāt e elmī va farhangī. [In Persian]

Šahrestānhāy-e Īrān, dar Motūn e Pahlavī (1371Š.), published by ǰāmāsb ǰey Manūčehr ǰ. ǰāmāsb Asānā, Tehran: Ketābḵānehy-e Melī-e ǰomhūrīy-e Īslāmī-e Īrān. [In Persian]

Šahristānī, ‘Abd al-Karīm (1364Š.), Al-Milal va al-Niḥal, edited by Aḥmad Fahīm Moḥammad, Qom: Al-Šarīf al-Rażī.

Sotūdehnežad, Šahāb (1383 Š.), Bāztāb e tamaddonhāye Aškānī-Sāsāni bar seh pādšāhī dar šebheh ǰazīreyeh Kore, Tehran: Markaze beyn al-melalī-e Goftegūye tamaddonhā. [In Persian]

Țabarī, Moḥammad b. ǰarīr, (1387), Tārīḵ al-Umam va al-Molūk, Taḥqīq-e Abū al-Fażl Ebrāhīm, Beirut, Dār al-Torāṯ.

References in English, French, German and Chinese

-Arrian(1967) , Anabasis Alexandri, Translated by E. Iliff Robson, Massachusetts: Harvard university press.

-Back Michael (1978), Die Sassanidischen Staatsinschriften (Acta Iranica 18), Leiden: Brill.

-Bartholomae Christian (1904), Alteiranisches Wörterbuch, ,Strassburg: K. J. Trübner, 1904.

-Baumer, Christoph (2008), traces in the desert, Translated by Colin Boone, London: I.B.Tauris & Co Ltd.

-Chavannes, Édouard (1903), documents sur les Tou-Kiue (Turcs) occidentaux, St.Peterburg: l'Académie Impériale des Sciences.

-Christensen, Arthur (1936),  L'Iran sous les Sassanides, Copenhague: Levin and Munksgaard.

-De La Vaissière , Ètienne (2019), “the Faith of Wirkak the Dēnāwar, or Manichaeism as Seen from a Zoroastrian Point of View” in Bulletin of the Asia Institute, new series/volume 29, New York: Monimos Foundation.

-De La Vaissière , Ètienne (2005), Sogdian Traders, Translated by James Ward, Leiden: Brill.

-Foltz, Richard (2013), “The Role of the Sogdians in the Spread of World Religions” in V. Naddaf, F. Goshtasb, M. Shokri-Foumeshi (ed), Ranj o Ganj, Papers in Honour of Z. Zarshenas ( 24-31), Tehran: Institute for Humanities & Cultural Studies.

-Gharib ,B (1995), Sogdian Dictionary: Sogdian -Persian-English, Tehran: Farhangan.

-Gignoux, Ph.  and. Litvinsky, B. A (1996), “ Religions and religious movements – I” ",  in B. A. Litvinsky (ed), History of civilizations of Central Asia, vol.3 ,pp.403-421, Paris, Unesco.

-Grenet Frantz (2007), "Religious Diversity among Sogdian Merchants in Sixth-Century China: Zoroastrianism, Buddhism, Manichaeism, and Hinduism" in Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 27 (2), pp.463–478.

-Grenet, F., Riboud,P and Junkai,Y (2004),” Zoroastrian Scenes on a Newly Discovered Sogdian Tomb in Xi'an, Northern China”, Studia Iranica, 33, pp. 273-284.

-Grenet, Frantz (2002), "Zoroastrian themes on early medieval Sogdian Ossuaries" in A Zoroastrian tapestry : art, religion & culture, Usmanpura, India : Mapin Pub.

-Grenet, Frantz (2015), “Zoroastrianism in Central Asia” in The Wiley Blackwell Companion   to Zoroastrianism, Edited by Michael Stausberg and Yuhan Sohrab‐Dinshaw Vevaina with the assistance of Anna Tessmann, West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

-Hansen, Valerie (2012), The Silk Road : a new history , New York: Oxford University Press.

-Henning, W. B.(1965) , “A Sogdian God”, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies,  Vol. 28, No. 2, pp. 242-254.

-Klimkeit ,H.J (2000),” Manichaeism and Nestorian Christianity”,in M. S. Asimov and C. E. Bosworth (ed.), History of civilizations of Central Asia, vol.4, pt 2, pp.69-81, Paris: Unesco.

-Kent, Roland Grubb (1989), Old Persian: grammar, texts, lexicon, New Haven: American Oriental Society.

-Litvinsky, B. A and Vorobyova-Desyatovskaya, M. I (1996), “Religions and religious movements – II”, in B. A. Litvinsky (ed), History of civilizations of Central Asia, vol.3 , pp 421-449, Paris: Unesco.

-Marshak, B. I and Negmatov , N. N (1996), "Sogdian",  in B. A. Litvinsky (ed), History of civilizations of Central Asia, vol.3 , pp. 233-281, Paris: Unesco.

-McLaughlin, Raoul (2016), The Roman Empire and the Silk Routes, South Yorkshire: pen and sword history.

-Minorsky, V (1937), Hudud al-Alam. The regions of the world: a Persian geography, 372 A.H. / 982 A.D., translated and explained by V. Minorsky ; with the preface by V. V. Barthold, London:  Gibb Memorial Trust.

-Payne E, Richard (2018), “The Silk Road and the Iranian political economy in late antiquity: Iran, the Silk Road, and the problem of aristocratic empire” in Bulletin of SOAS, 81, 2,pp. 227-250.

-Rong, Xinjiang, (2013), Eighteen Lectures on Dunhuang, Translated by Imre Galambos, Leiden: Brill.

- Rong, Xinjiang , (2001), “New Light on Sogdian Colonies along the Silk Road: Recent Archaeological Finds in Northern China” in Berlin-Brandenburgischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Berichte und Abhandlungenseries, 10, pp. 147-160.

-Rong, Xinjiang, (2018), “Sogdian merchants and Sogdian culture on the Silk Road” in Nicola di Cosmo, Michael Maas (ed.), empires and exchanges in Eurasian late antiquity Rome, China, Iran, and the Steppe, ca. 250–750, pp.84-96, London: Cambridge University Press.

-Strabo (1961), Geography of Strabo, translated by Horace Leonard Jones, Massachusetts: Harvard university press.

-The great Tang dynasty records of the western regions (1996), Translated by Li Rongxi, Moraga: BDK America, Inc.

-The Persian Rivayats of Hormazyar Framarz and Others (1932), translated Ervad B. N. Dhabhar, Bombay : K.R. Cama Oriental Institute.

-Vessantara Jātaka (1946), translated by Émile Benveniste, Paris: Mission Pelliot En Asie Centrale.

-Wriggins , Sally Hovey(1996), The Silk Road journey with Xuanzang, Colorado: Westview Press.

Xue Li, (1994), Zhongguo sichou zhilu cidian (in Chinese), Urumqi: Xinjiang Renmin Chubanshe.