پیوندهای مفید
اخبار و اعلانات
آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 25 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 950 |
| تعداد مقالات | 7,805 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 12,968,434 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 9,204,055 |
تجارب زیسته مدیران زن مدارس از تعادل کار و زندگی | ||
| مطالعات زن و خانواده | ||
| دوره 9، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 21، شهریور 1400، صفحه 100-126 اصل مقاله (1.24 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: پژوهشی اصیل | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22051/jwfs.2021.32916.2519 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| صباح عباسی1؛ بهبود یاریقلی* 1؛ پیمان یارمحمدزاده2 | ||
| 1گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان،تبریز، ایران. | ||
| 2گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، تبریز، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| پژوهش حاضر تجارب مدیران زن مدارس از تعادل بین کار و زندگی را موردبررسی قرار می‌دهد. این پژوهش با رویکرد کیفی و روش تحلیل تم صورت پذیرفت. مشارکت‌کنندگان مدیران مدارس زن شهرستان پاوه می‌باشند که از 15 مشارکتکننده با روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند ملاک محور مصاحبه به عمل آمد. جمع‌آوری اطلاعات از طریق مصاحبه نیمه ساختاریافته ضمن تشریح تجارب مدیران زن از کار در مدارس ادراک آنان را تعادل بین کار و زندگی موردمطالعه قرار داده است؛ که جهت اعتبار از روش بازبینی نتایج توسط مشارکت‌کننده‌ها و برای افزایش اعتماد به نتایج از روش فن ممیز بیرونی استفاده شد است. سرانجام تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها بر اساس روش کلایزی صورت گرفت؛ که هشت تم و بیست مقوله از مصاحبه‌های انجام‌گرفته با عناوین: فن مدیریت زمان، توانایی مدیریتی، متعهد بودن، شرایط مناسب خانواده، سبک‌سازی نقش، بهداشت روحی و روانی کار، بعد مادی کار، اعتدال در سطح انتظارات خود و دیگران استخراج شده است. نتیجه پژوهش نشان داد تعادل در کار و زندگی باعث سهولت در انجام مسئولیت‌های کاری و زندگی فردی – خانوادگی شده و باعث رضایت خاطر مدیران زن مدارس هم از کار و هم از زندگی می‌شود. | ||
تازه های تحقیق | ||
تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها بر اساس روش کلایزی صورت گرفت؛ که هشت تم و بیست مقوله از مصاحبه‌های انجام‌گرفته با عناوین: فن مدیریت زمان، توانایی مدیریتی، متعهد بودن، شرایط مناسب خانواده، سبک‌سازی نقش، بهداشت روحی و روانی کار، بعد مادی کار، اعتدال در سطح انتظارات خود و دیگران استخراج شده است. نتیجه پژوهش نشان داد تعادل در کار و زندگی باعث سهولت در انجام مسئولیت‌های کاری و زندگی فردی – خانوادگی شده و باعث رضایت خاطر مدیران زن مدارس هم از کار و هم از زندگی می‌شود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| تجارب زیسته؛ مدیران زن؛ تعادل کار و زندگی؛ مدرسه | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Lived Experiences of Female School Principals of Work-life Balance | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Sabah Abbasi1؛ Behboud Yarigholi1؛ Peyman Yarmohammadzadeh2 | ||
| 1Department of Educational Sciences, AzerbaijanShahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran | ||
| 2Department of Educational Sciences, Shahid Madani University of Azerbaijan, Tabriz, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| This study is about and examines experiences of female school principals from the balance between work and life. The current research uses a qualitative approach with thematic analysis research method. Contributors are 120 female school principals of the city of Paveh whom, by purposeful criterion-oriented sampling method fifteen people of school female principals of Paveh city were selected and their experiences from the balance between work and life have been examined with semi-structured interviews. For the sake of validation, review method of results by participants, and to increasing trust in results, method of External audit technique has been used. Finally, a Colaizzi methods for eight themes and twenty categories has been extracted by analysis method with titles including: time management technique, management ability, commitment, good family conditions(education and appropriate growing and cognitive conditions of children, family conditions, selection and sincerity in family relationships and their understanding of vocation conditions), role lightening (gain experiences, organization, colleagues and help desk service’s cooperation, change in conditions of service), mental and spiritual health of job (appreciate and feeling the pleasure and peace of work and serving the people, cheerful spirit and vitality, psychological refinement), the importance of the monetary dimension, moderation at the level of your and others expectations (fit the expectations according to the conditions, creating fitness at the level of others expectations and convincing them about the conditions). | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Lived experiences, principals, balance between work and life | ||
| اصل مقاله | ||
|
Purpose The present study investigates the female school principals' experiences of work-life balance. Method The present study is done with a qualitative approach using content analysis. Fifteen female school principals were interviewed using purposive criterion-based sampling until no new code was identified (data saturation). We tried to consider the maximum variation sampling. Semi-structured interviewing was used to collect data.The inclusion criteria for selecting participants are having five years of experience in school management, being married, having children, and the ability to balancing work and life (this criterion was determined by an interview with the principals themselves about the ability to balancing work and life). If the above conditions are not met, and the researcher determines that there is no balance between work and life, the interviewee will be excluded from the sample. We used the seven stages of the collecting data cycle to analyze the data. According to these seven stages, the requirements of each stage were met. (1) Selecting the participants or situation to be observed, (2) contact and communicate with the participant, (3) Purposive sampling from people or situations, (4) Collecting data, (5) Recording information and data, (6) Solving problems in the data collection process, and (7) Analyzing and ordering Colaizzi's seven-step method was used to analyze the data. Two strategies were also used to increase the validity of the research findings: (1) immersing in data and follow-up observations; (2) of participants' review. To ensure trustworthiness and credibility, we used external audit techniques, and the results also were compared with previous research.
Results Eight themes and twenty categories were obtained from interviews: (1) Time management technique (planning the time of activities, prioritizing doings, using order in doing things), (2) Management ability (preventing work-life interference, ability to consolidate works, appropriate scheduling of tasks: optimal use of off-time), (3) Commitment (having the psychological characteristics of self-sacrifice, commitment to responsibility), (4) Optimal family circumstances (education and proper developmental and cognitive conditions of children, family circumstances, selection and intimacy in family relationships and their understanding of job conditions) (5) Role lightening (gaining experience, assistance and cooperation of the workplace and coworkers and the service staff's help, the need to make changes in working conditions), (6) Mental health at work (appreciation and feeling of pleasure and peace from work and service to the people, happy and lively mood, catharsis) (7) Material dimension of work (importance of material dimension of work) (8) Moderation in one's expectations and others (adjusting expectations with the existing conditions, adjusting others' expectations and convincing them of the conditions).
Conclusion Work-life balance is to maintain a balance between work and home responsibilities. These two areas have increasingly turned to conflicting areas requiring much more energy and time (Balaji, 2014). According to the research findings, it can be stated that the balance between work and life by female school principals is affected by different psychological, cultural, organizational, and economic factors. In general, the most influential factor in balancing work and life depends on family circumstances, followed by time management techniques, commitment, role lightning, program management, mental health, adjusting one's and other's expectations, and finally, the material dimension of work.Data analysis revealed that one of the ways to balance work and life is the time management technique. This theme prevents wasting time by creating work-life tasks planning (work planning, proper use of off-times, flexibility). It also promotes time management by prioritizing tasks based on how urgent they are, preventing interference, and reducing dead time in life. One aspect of prioritizing work is drafting assignments meaning that for tasks that require more time, it is best to do parts of them before starting. And another category is order in addressing life affairs (work and family) to coordinate family members with each other in preventing time conflict of individuals' plans. The theme of management ability consists of three categories: preventing work-life interference, management ability, and appropriate scheduling of tasks: optimal use of off-time. Sheikh et al. (2018) have also emphasized the use of effective strategies and creating clear boundaries between work and home demands in achieving balance and reducing work-family conflict. Commitment consists of two categories: commitment to responsibilities and having psychological characteristics of self-sacrifice for family and work. In the patience dimension, fulfilling work and life responsibilities is considered meaning one should show patience in performing work and life responsibilities; And organizational commitment leads to employee loyalty and better performance (Tayfun and Catir, 2016). Female school principals show self-sacrifice, patience, and commitment to work and family responsibilities. The theme of "optimal family circumstances" deals with life responsibilities in the environment of a coworker in the direction of proper balance. Jeyarathnam (2017) investigated the factors affecting the work-life balance of professional women and identified the family environment as one of the influential factors. All people need attention and appreciation for their efforts during their life. Gratitude increases the motivation for repetition, frequency, and continuity of good deeds and behaviors and gives a beautiful color and meaning to social life and human society (McCullough et al., 2002). The theme of "mental health" relates to the impact of motivational factors, Including appreciation of the work, a positive feeling about work, and peace of mind in life. Concerning the theme of the material dimension of the work, participants considered financial ability at some point in life to be a factor in balancing life. The theme of "moderation in one's and others' expectations" is another crucial factor in the work-life balance. According to the research findings, adjusting expectations creates a balance between the abilities, opportunities of the school principals, and available time.
Ethical considerations
Compliance with ethical guidelines This study has been done in compliance with the ethical codes of human research. Funding: The present study was done without any financial support. Authors' contribution: Behboud Yarigholi is the corresponding author and is in charge of methodology and data analysis. Sabah Abbasi is in charge of collecting data and reviewing the literature. Peyman Yarmohammadzadeh is in charge of consultation for methods. Conflict of interest: This research does not directly or indirectly conflict with interests. Acknowledgments: We would like to thanks all participants in the research. | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
اسماعیلی، احمدرضا، سیدنقوی، میرعلی، معمارزاده طهران، غلامرضا، حمیدی، ناصر. (1397). ارائه الگوی کیفی کار و زندگی کارکنان ناجا با تاکید بر معماری منابع انسانی. مدیریت منابع در نیروی انتظامی، 6(4): 83-110. (لینک)
بازرگان، عباس. (1395). مقدمه‌ای بر روش های تحقیق کیفی و امیخته رویکردهای متداول در علوم رفتاری. ویرایش سوم. تهران: چاپ دیدار.
بیغمی، محمد کاظم، سرلک، محمد علی، کولیوند پیر حسین و احمدی، علی اکبر.(1395). بررسی عوامل کلیدی مؤثر بر تعادل کار -زندگی پرستاران در تهران. شفای خاتم، 5(2)، 29-39. (لینک)
ثناگو، اکرم، نیکروش، منصوره، دباغی، فاطمه.(1384). بررسی مفهوم تعهد سازمانی از دیدگاه اعضای هیات علمی پرستاری و مامایی. مجله دانشگاه علم پزشکی ایران، 13(52). 17-28. (لینک)
حسنقلی پور، طهمورث، سیدجوادین، سیدرضا، سفیری، خدیجه، روشن نژاد، مژگان. (1392). ارائه و تبیین مدلی برای علل و عوامل مؤثر بر توازن کار زندگی. مدیریت دولتی. (5)2، 54_37. 10.22059/Doi:JIPA.2013.36732. (لینک)
رحم خدا، جوادی، رسولی، محسن، نظری، علی محمد، حسنی، جعفر. (1396). پیش‌بینی کیفیت زندگی کاری معلمان زن براساس تعارض کار _ خانواده و تعهد سازمانی. آموزش و ارزشیابی، (10)38 ، 79-94. (لینک)
سیدان، فریبا، حسامی، سعیده. (1392). سنجش رابطۀ تعادل بین نقش‌های خانوادگی و شغلی و کیفیت زندگی زنان شاغل درآموزش و پرورش شهر سنندج. جامعه‌شناسی آموزش و پرورش، 4، 104-71. (لینک)
فتحی پور، پری، رسول زاده اقدم، صمد. (1395). بررسی تعارض کار، خانواده – کار در بین زنان شاغل در نهادهای دولتی شهر تبریز. مطالعات جامعه شناسی، 9(36)، 48-31. (لینک)
کرد، مژگان، عطاران، محمد، منصوریان، یزدان. (1391). بررسی تجربه دبیران زن از ایفای هم زمان نقش کار _ خانواده و تاثیر آن برچگونگی تدریس آنها. مطالعات اجتماعی روان شناختی زنان، (10) 1، 125-148. 10.22051/JWSPS.2012.1415 Doi: . (لینک)
کرسول، جان دبلیو(1396). طرح پژوهش: رویکردهای کیفی، کمی و ترکیبی. ناشر جهاد دانشگاهی (دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی.
کریمی، صدیقه، نصر، احمدرضا. ( 1391). رو ش‌های تجزیه و تحلیل دادهای مصاحبه. عیار پژوهش در علوم انسانی، 1(4): 71-94. (لینک)
گروسی، سعیده، آدینه زاد، راحله. (1389). بررسی رابطه عوامل اجتماعی با تعارض نقش‌های شغلی و خانوادگی در بین زنان شاغل شهر کرمان. مجله علوم اجتماعی، 7(1)، 139-121. (لینک)
محسن‌پور، محدثه. (1390). ارزیابی داده‌های کیفی. بیهق، (16)3و4، 55-50. (لینک)
میرمحمدی، سیدمحمد. (1392). نقش تعادل کار و زندگی در تغییرات نگرشهای کاری مورد مطالعه: پرستاران بیمارستان‌های منتخب دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی. برنامه‌ریزی رفاه و توسعه اجتماعی. 5(16)، 41-67. Doi: 10.22054/QJSD.2013.837 . (لینک)
References Adu-Oppong, A,A., Agyin-Birikorang, E., Darko, G, M., Aikins, E, D.(2014). Time Management And Administrative Effectiveness: Lessons For Educational Administrators. Global Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences, 3(4), 76-82. (link) Aghajani, H., Samadi Miarkolaei, H., Samadi Miarkolaei, H. (2013). Organizational Citizenship Behavior’s Relationship and Staffs' Psychological Empowerment. Journal of Public Administration, 5(2), 1-18. doi: 10.22059/jipa.2013.36732. (link) [Text in Persian]. Ahmed, R., Vveinhardt, J., Ahmad, N., & Sadiq, H. (2016). The Impact of Working Conditions on Female Teachers’ Performance in Private Universities of Karachi. In Proceedings of INTED2016 Conference 7th-9th March. (link) Allen, T. D. (2001). Family-Supportive Work Environments: the role of organizational perceptions. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 58 (3): 414-443. DOI:10.1006/jvbe.2000.1774. (link) Arunkumar, B., & Saminathan, R. (2017). Work life balance among women teachers of Self Financing Colleges (SFC) in Thanjavur District, Tamilnadu. Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 22(7), 48-55. Doi: 10.9790/0837-2207054855. (link) Astakhova, K. V., Korobeev, A. I., Prokhorova, V. V., Kolupaev, A. A., Vorotnoy, M. V., & Kucheryavaya, E. R. (2016). The role of education in economic and social development of the country. International Review of Management and Marketing, 6(1S), 53-58. (link) Balaji, R.(2014). Work Life Balance of Women Employees. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 3(10). 16840-16843. (link) Bazargan, A. (2016). Introduction to qualitative and mixed research methods of common approaches in behavioral sciences (2th ed.).Tehran: Didar. [Text in Persian] Beaubien, G. (2010). Female Managers Earning Less than Male. Counterparts Public Relations Tactics, 11 (17), 2-8. (link) Bighami M, Sarlak M, Koulivand P, Ahmadi A.(2017). Evaluation of the Key Factors Affect Work-Life Balance of Nurses in Tehran. Shefaye Khatam. 5 (1):29-39. [Text in Persian] Boyar, S. L., Maertz Jr., C. P., Pearson, A. W., (2005). The effects of work– family conflict and family–work conflict on nonattendance behaviors. Journal of Business Research, 58 (7): 919- 925. doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2003.11.005. (link) Chaudhry, N. I., Jariko, M. A., Mushtaque, T., Mahesar, H. A., & Ghani, Z. (2017). Impact of Working Environment and Training & Development on Organization Performance Through Mediating Role of Employee Engagement and Job Satisfaction. European Journal of Training and Development Studies, 4(2), 33-48. (link) Creswell, J. W.(2017). Research design: Quantitative, qualitative and hybrid approaches. Tehran: Allameh Tabatabei Uiniversiy. [Text in Persian] Doble, N., & Supriya, M. V. (2010). Gender Differences in the Perception of Work-Life Balance. Managing Global Transitions: International Research Journal, 8(4), 331-342. (link) Esmaeili, A; Seyed Naghavi, M; Memarzadeh Tehran , Gh & Hamidi, N. (2019). The Quality Model of Work-Life Balance with an Emphasis On the Architecture of the Human Resource of Iran Police Staff. Resource Management in the Police. 24(4): 83-110. (link) [Text in Persian] Fathipour, P., Rasoulzadeh Aghdam, S. (2017). Evaluation of job and family-work conflict among employed women in governmental institutions of Tabriz. Sociological studies, 10(36), 48-31. (link) [Text in Persian] Garroosy, S., Adinehzadeh, R. (2010). Investigating the Relationship between Job/Family Role Conflict and Social Factors: The Case of Employed Women in Kerman. Journal Of Social Sciences. 7(1), 121-139. doi: 10.22067/jss.v0i0.8780. (link). [Text in Persian] Gurvis, J., Patterson, G. (2005). Balanceing act: finding equilibrium between work and life. Leadership in Action. 24(6):4-9. DOI:10.1002/lia.1091. (link) Harvard business Review. (2000). Harvard business Review on work and life balance. Harvard business school press. (link) Hill, E. (2005). Work-family Facilitation and Conflict: working fathers and mothers work-family stressors and support. Journal of Family Issues, 26: 793-819. doi.org/10.1177/0192513X05277542. (link) Irfan, S. M., Hussain, T., Yousaf I(2009). Organizational Culture: Impact on Female Employees’ Job Performance. Journal of Quality and Technology Management, 5(2).1-16. (link) javadi, R., Rasouli, M., Nazari, A., Hassani, J. (2017). Predicting the Quality of Female Teachers’ Work Life based on Work-Family Conflict and Organizational. Journal of Instruction and Evaluation, 10(38), 79-94. (link) [Text in Persian]. Jeyarathnam,M.(2017). Factors Influencing Work-Life-Balance of Women Professionals in It Industry-A Study in TamilNadu, India. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention, (6)7, 26-33. (link) Karimi, S & Nasr, A.(2012). Methods of analyzing interview data. Quality Of Research in Humanities. 1(4): 71-94. (link) [Text in Persian] Kim, S. (2008). Women and family-friendly policies in the Korean government. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 74(3): 463-467. doi.org/10.1177/0020852308095313. (link) Kluczyk, M. (2013). The impact of work-life balance on the wellbeing of employees in the private sector in Ireland (Doctoral dissertation, Dublin, National College of Ireland). (link) Kord, M., Attaran, M., Mansourian, Y. (2012). Female Teachers' Experiences of Performing Concurrent Roles At Work and Home Studying Its Effects on Their Teaching. Women's Studies Sociological and Psychological, 10(1), 125-148. doi: 10.22051/jwsps.2012.1415. (link) [Text in Persian] Kotur, B. R., & Anbazhagan, S. (2014). Education and work-experience-influence on the performance. Journal of Business and Management, 16(5), 104-110. doi.org/10.9790/487x-1653104110. (link) Kundnani, N., & Mehta, P. (2016). Identifying the Factors Affecting Work-Life Balance of Employees in Banking Sector. PARIPEX-Indian Journal of Research, 4(6), 328-331. (link) Luppi, F., & Arpino, B. (2016). Childcare arrangements and mothers’ satisfaction with work-family balance. https://repositori.upf.edu/handle/10230/30801 Mani V,. (2013). Work Life Balance & Women Professionals. Global Journal of Management & Business Research Interdisciplinary, 3(5). (link) Maxwell, G. A. (2005). Checks and balance: The role of managers in work-life balance policies and practices. Journal of Retailing and Consumer services, 12, 179-189. doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2004.06.002. (link) McCullough, M. E., Emmons, R. A., & Tsang, J. A. (2002). The grateful disposition: a conceptual and empirical topography. Journal of personality and social psychology, 82(1), 112. doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.82.1.112. (link) Meenakshi. S. Pattu, Subrahmanyam. Venkata C. V, Ravichandran, K (2013). The Importance of Work-Life-Balance. IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM), 14(3), 31-35. (link) Myrmhmdy, S. (2013). The Role of Work-Life Balance in Changing Job Attitude: A Case Study of Nurses Working at the Selected Hospitals of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Social Development & Welfare Planning, 5(16), 41-67. doi: 10.22054/qjsd.2013.837. (link) [Text in Persian] Mohsenpour, M. (2015). Evaluation of qualitative data. Beyhagh, 16(2), 50-55. (link) [Text in Persian] Muthu, Mokana & Pangil, Faizuniah & Isa, Mohd. (2015). Individual, Organizational and Environmental Factors Affecting Work-Life Balance. Asian Social Science, (11)25, 111-123. doi:10.5539/ass.v11n25p111. (link) Nelson H.W., & Wawire, F. M. (2010). Factors affecting the management of women groups' micro and small enterprises in Kakamega District, Kenya. Journal of European Industrial Training, 9 (36), 198-130. (link) Omar, M. K., Ahmada, M. F., & Ismaila, I. S. (2016). Personal Factors and Work-Life Conflict: A Study of a Malaysian Statutory Body. The European Proceedings of Social & Behavioural Sciences EpSBS, xvii(24), 251-261. (link) Saeed, K., & Farooqi, Y. A. (2014). Examining the relationship between work life balance, job stress and job satisfaction among university teachers (A case of University of Gujarat). International Journal of multidisciplinary sciences and engineering, 5(6), 9-15. (link) Sanagoo, A., Nikravesh, M., Dabbaghi, F. (2006). Organizational Commitment from Nursing & Midwifery Faculty Members’ Perspective. Razi Journal of Medical Sciences, 13 (52) :83-92 (link) [Text in Persian]. Saravanan, S. S., & Dharani, P. (2014). A study on factors influencing Work Life Balance of school teachers in Coimbatore. Indian Journal of Research, 3(4), 10-12. (link) Schueller-Weidekamm, C., & Kautzky-Willer, A. (2012). Challenges of work–life balance for women physicians/mothers working in leadership positions. Gender Medicine, 9(4), 244-250. doi.org/10.1016/j.genm.2012.04.002. (link) Seydan, F., Hesami, S. (2020). Investigating the relationship between work-family balance and quality of life of women working in the department of education of sanandaj. Iranian Journal of Educational Society, 4(4), 71-104. (link), [Text in Persian]. Seligman, M. E. P. (2011). A visionary new understanding of happiness and wellbeing: Flourish. Australia: Random House Australia Pty Ltd (link) . Shakil Ahmad, M., Fakhr, Z., & Ahmed, J. (2011). Working women work-life conflict. Business strategy series, 12(6), 289-302. DOI:10.1108/17542411211221286. (link) Sheikh, M. A., Ashiq, A., Mehar, M. R., Hasan, A., & Khalid, M. (2018). Impact of Work and Home Demands on Work Life Balance: Mediating Role of Work Family Conflicts. Pyrex Journal of Business and Finance Management Research, 4(5), 48-57. (link) Smith, Jennifer & Gardner, Dianne. (2007). Factors affecting employee use of work-life balance initiatives. New Zealand Journal of Psychology, (36)1, 3-12. (link) Sundaresan, Shobha, Work-Life Balance – Implications for Working Women (, 2014). OIDA International Journal of Sustainable Development, 7(7), pp. 93-102, 2014, Available at SSRN (link) TAYFUN, A., & ÇATIR, Ö. G. O. (2016). An empirical study into the relationship between work/life balance and organizational commitment. ISGUC The Journal of Industrial Relations and Human Resources, 16(1), 20-37. (link) Takala, T. (2010). Contributions of Formal Education to Social Development–What do we Know on the Basis of Research Evidence? Journal of Education and Research, 2(1), 1-8. DOI:10.3126/jer.v2i0.7616. (link) Uddin, M. R., Mamun, A. M. A., Hoque, N., & Uddin, M. S. (2013). Work-Life Balance: A Study on Female Teachers of Private Education Institutions of Bangladesh. European Journal of Business and Management, (5)13, 10-17. (link) Vasumathi, A. (2018). Work life balance of women employees: a literature review. International Journal of Services and Operations Management, 29(1), 100-146. Williams c. (2008). work – life balance of shift workers. (link) Maxwell, G. A. (2005). Checks and balance: The role of managers in work-life balance policies and practices. Journal of Retailing and Consumer services, 12, 179-189. doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2004.06.002. (link) McCullough, M. E., Emmons, R. A., & Tsang, J. A. (2002). The grateful disposition: a conceptual and empirical topography. Journal of personality and social psychology, 82(1), 112. doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.82.1.112. (link) Meenakshi. S. Pattu, Subrahmanyam. Venkata C. V, Ravichandran, K (2013). The Importance of Work-Life-Balance. IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM), 14(3), 31-35. (link) Myrmhmdy, S. (2013). The Role of Work-Life Balance in Changing Job Attitude: A Case Study of Nurses Working at the Selected Hospitals of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Social Development & Welfare Planning, 5(16), 41-67. doi: 10.22054/qjsd.2013.837. (link) [Text in Persian] Mohsenpour, M. (2015). Evaluation of qualitative data. Beyhagh, 16(2), 50-55. (link) [Text in Persian] Muthu, Mokana & Pangil, Faizuniah & Isa, Mohd. (2015). Individual, Organizational and Environmental Factors Affecting Work-Life Balance. Asian Social Science, (11)25, 111-123. doi:10.5539/ass.v11n25p111. (link) Nelson H.W., & Wawire, F. M. (2010). Factors affecting the management of women groups' micro and small enterprises in Kakamega District, Kenya. Journal of European Industrial Training, 9 (36), 198-130. (link) Omar, M. K., Ahmada, M. F., & Ismaila, I. S. (2016). Personal Factors and Work-Life Conflict: A Study of a Malaysian Statutory Body. The European Proceedings of Social & Behavioural Sciences EpSBS, xvii(24), 251-261. (link) Saeed, K., & Farooqi, Y. A. (2014). Examining the relationship between work life balance, job stress and job satisfaction among university teachers (A case of University of Gujarat). International Journal of multidisciplinary sciences and engineering, 5(6), 9-15. (link) Sanagoo, A., Nikravesh, M., Dabbaghi, F. (2006). Organizational Commitment from Nursing & Midwifery Faculty Members’ Perspective. Razi Journal of Medical Sciences, 13 (52) :83-92 (link) [Text in Persian]. Saravanan, S. S., & Dharani, P. (2014). A study on factors influencing Work Life Balance of school teachers in Coimbatore. Indian Journal of Research, 3(4), 10-12. (link) Schueller-Weidekamm, C., & Kautzky-Willer, A. (2012). Challenges of work–life balance for women physicians/mothers working in leadership positions. Gender Medicine, 9(4), 244-250. doi.org/10.1016/j.genm.2012.04.002. (link) Seydan, F., Hesami, S. (2020). Investigating the relationship between work-family balance and quality of life of women working in the department of education of sanandaj. Iranian Journal of Educational Society, 4(4), 71-104. (link), [Text in Persian]. Seligman, M. E. P. (2011). A visionary new understanding of happiness and wellbeing: Flourish. Australia: Random House Australia Pty Ltd (link) . Shakil Ahmad, M., Fakhr, Z., & Ahmed, J. (2011). Working women work-life conflict. Business strategy series, 12(6), 289-302. DOI:10.1108/17542411211221286. (link) Sheikh, M. A., Ashiq, A., Mehar, M. R., Hasan, A., & Khalid, M. (2018). Impact of Work and Home Demands on Work Life Balance: Mediating Role of Work Family Conflicts. Pyrex Journal of Business and Finance Management Research, 4(5), 48-57. (link) Smith, Jennifer & Gardner, Dianne. (2007). Factors affecting employee use of work-life balance initiatives. New Zealand Journal of Psychology, (36)1, 3-12. (link) Sundaresan, Shobha, Work-Life Balance – Implications for Working Women (, 2014). OIDA International Journal of Sustainable Development, 7(7), pp. 93-102, 2014, Available at SSRN (link) TAYFUN, A., & ÇATIR, Ö. G. O. (2016). An empirical study into the relationship between work/life balance and organizational commitment. ISGUC The Journal of Industrial Relations and Human Resources, 16(1), 20-37. (link) Takala, T. (2010). Contributions of Formal Education to Social Development–What do we Know on the Basis of Research Evidence? Journal of Education and Research, 2(1), 1-8. DOI:10.3126/jer.v2i0.7616. (link) Uddin, M. R., Mamun, A. M. A., Hoque, N., & Uddin, M. S. (2013). Work-Life Balance: A Study on Female Teachers of Private Education Institutions of Bangladesh. European Journal of Business and Management, (5)13, 10-17. (link) Vasumathi, A. (2018). Work life balance of women employees: a literature review. International Journal of Services and Operations Management, 29(1), 100-146. Williams c. (2008). work – life balance of shift workers. (link) | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 791 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 575 |
||