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نقش واسطه ای خود-متمایزسازی در ارتباط بین هموابستگی و آزار عاطفی در دانشجویان زن متاهل | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| مطالعات زن و خانواده | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| مقاله 3، دوره 9، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 20، خرداد 1400، صفحه 59-84 اصل مقاله (882.1 K) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| نوع مقاله: پژوهشی اصیل | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22051/jwfs.2021.31455.2427 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| نویسندگان | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| وفا مصطفی1؛ هادی میرزاپور2؛ هاجر فلاح زاده3؛ امید حمیدی* 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1گروه مشاوره خانواده، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3دانشگاه شهید بهشتی | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4گروه مشاوره، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه شهید چمران، اهواز، ایران | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| چکیده | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| یکی از مشکلاتی که خانواده‌ها با آن درگیر هستند تجربه خشونت در ابعاد مختلف آن بخصوص آزار عاطفی است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی نقش واسطه‌ای خود-متمایزسازی در ارتباط بین مولفه‌های هموابستگی و مولفه‌های آزار عاطفی انجام شد. پژوهش حاضر توصیفی از نوع همبستگی می‌باشد. جامعه آماری پژوهش حاضر شامل کلیه دانشجویان زن متاهل دانشگاه شهید بهشتی تهران در سال 98-97 می‌باشد که به روش نمونه‌گیری در دسترس تعداد 250 نفر از آنها انتخاب شده و به ابزارهای مقیاس آزار عاطفی، مقیاس هموابستگی هالیوک و پرسشنامه تمایزیافتگی خودپاسخ دادند. پس از اجرای پرسشنامه‌ها، اطلاعات جمع‌آوری شده به وسیله شاخص‌های آمار توصیفی و همچنین روش‌های همبستگی پیرسون و تحلیل مسیر مورد تحلیل قرار گرفت. نتایج پژوهش حاضر نشان داد که بین تمام مولفه‌های هموابستگی، خود-متمایزسازی و مولفه-های آزار عاطفی ارتباط معناداری وجود دارد (05/0p <) و همچنین خود-متمایزسازی در ارتباط بین تمام مولفه‌های هموابستگی با تمام مولفه‌های آزار عاطفی به استثنای مولفه واکنش‌گری نقش واسطه‌ای ایفا می‌کند. خود-متمایزسازی به عنوان یک متغیر واسطه‌ای می‌تواند ارتباط بین هموابستگی و آزار عاطفی را تعدیل کند. بنابراین، تاکید بر آموزش خود-متمایزسازی به جهت کاهش اثرات هموابستگی و آزار عاطفی می‌تواند مورد توجه قرار گیرد. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
تازه های تحقیق | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Conclusion The results showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between all components of codependency and self-differentiation. One of the components of codependency is self-ignorance, in which a person devotes himself completely to others, even if he knows that the relationship may be harmful to him. This is contrary to the theory of self-differentiation, because one of the main dimensions of self-differentiation is the ability to distinguish between one's emotions and thoughts in relation to others. In such a way that the person maintains "I position" while communicating with his surroundings and communicates effectively with others while respecting himself. Data analysis showed a positive and significant relationship between all components of codependency with emotional abuse. It can be said that People in a state of codependency have less expression in different situations due to not paying attention to themselves. Because of these characteristics, they adhere to relationships that do not respect their rights. These people are abused during these relationships in various physical, sexual or psychological dimensions, and due to their dependence on this relationship and lack of sufficient social skills, they are not able to end the relationship and are more exposed to emotional violence. The results also showed a two-way and inverse relationship between self-differentiation and components of emotional abuse. Differentiated individuals are able to distinguish between thoughts and feelings as well as between intimacy and independence. Because of this ability, these people behave maturely in different situations and if they engage in a relationship that may be emotionally abusive, they will defend themselves and not feel obligated to maintain that relationship. They defend themselves and do not consider themselves obliged to maintain this relationship. Finally, the results showed that the mediating role of self-differentiation was significant in the relationship between all components of codependency with all components of emotional abuse except the component of reactivity. Differentiated individuals, because of their ability to deal with things rationally and focus on their abilities and rights, can deal rationally in situations that may be emotionally abusing (such as married life). In fact, increasing the degree of self-differentiation from the negative effects of correlation neutralizes and reduces the vulnerability of the components of emotional abuse. According to the findings, family counselors and couple therapists can reduce their emotional abuse by increasing women's differentiation, changing women's attachment to responsibility, and mature behaviors.
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| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| هموابستگی؛ خود-متمایزسازی؛ آزار عاطفی؛ دانشجویان زن متاهل | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| The Mediating Role of Self-Differentiation in the Relationship between Emotional Abuse and Co-Dependency in married female students | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vafa Mostafa1؛ Hadi Mirzapour2؛ hajar falahzade3؛ Omid Hamidi4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1Family Counseling, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2in Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3shahid beheshti university | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4counseling Group, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Shahid Chamran university, Ahvaz, Iran | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| چکیده [English] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| One of the problems that families are involved with is the experience of violence, especially Emotional Abuse. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of Self-Differentiation between the components of Co-Dependency and Emotional Abuse components. This is a Descriptive Correlational study. The Statistical Population of the present study was all married female students of the Shahid Beheshti University of Tehran in 2018. That 250 of them were selected by available sampling method and they completed the Emotional Abuse Scale, Holyoake Co-Dependency Scale and Self-Differentiation Questionnaire. the data were analyzed by Pearson Correlation and Path Analysis. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between all components of Co-Dependency, Self-Differentiation and all components of Emotional Abuse (p < 0.05), as well as Self-Differentiation in the relationship between all components of Co-Dependency with all components of Emotional Abuse, except the Emotional Reactivity component, play a mediating role. Self-Differentiation as a mediator can modify the relationship between Co-Dependency with Emotional Abuse. Therefore, the emphasis on Self-Differentiation training can be considered in order to reduces the effects of Co-Dependency and Emotional Abuse. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Co-Dependency, Self-Differentiation, Emotional Abuse, Married female students | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| اصل مقاله | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Extended abstract Background & Purpose Emotional abuse involves behaviors that hurt the other person and ultimately destroy a person's sense of worth and personality (Wolford-Clevenger, Grigorian, Brem, Florimbio, Elmquist & Stuart, 2017). In this regard, one of the variables related to emotional harassment is the co-dependency (Knudson & Terrell, 2012). Co-dependency has mental, emotional, and spiritual dimensions that include learned behaviors, feelings, and beliefs, and result from over-focusing on the needs and behaviors of others. This dependence leads to ignoring one's needs and losing identity. (Bacon, McKay, Reynolds & McIntyre, 2020). On the other hand, one of the variables related to the concepts of co-dependency and emotional abuse and can affect the type of relationship is self-differentiation (Chang, 2018) that is the ability to maintain one's "individuality" while being emotionally and intellectually relationship with family (Kerr and Bowen, 1988; cited in Meteyard, Andersen & Marx, 2012). Research background suggests that self-differentiation is theoretically related to emotional abuse and co-dependency, but its moderating role on the two concepts is a research vacuum. Therefore, the present study seeks to investigate the mediating role of self-differentiation in the relationship between co-dependency and emotional abuse.
Method The present study was a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population includes all married female students at Shahid Beheshti University of Tehran in the year 1997-98. 250 married female students were selected by non-random sampling method. Emotional abuse scale: This questionnaire was developed by Brahimi (2008). This tool measures the four factors of verbal abuse-criticism, neglect - withdrawal, domination and social restrictions, which has 80 questions. Holyoake codependency index: This questionnaire was developed by Dear and Robert (2000) and has 13 questions and three subscales of self-sacrifice, external focus, and reactivity. Differentiation of self-questionnaire: This questionnaire was developed by Skowron (2000), which has 46 questions and includes 4 subscales of emotional reactivity, I-position, emotional control, and fusion.
Results Analysis of the results showed that the indirect coefficients of codependency components (excluding the reactivity component) were significant on all components of emotional abuse (mediated by self-differentiation). These findings are shown in Table 1: Table 1. Indirect coefficients of codependency components
Also, the coefficients of total effects of all components of codependency (excluding the reactivity component) on all components of emotional abuse (mediated by self-differentiation) are significant. These findings are shown in Table 2:
Table 2. Total effects of codependency components
Conclusion The results showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between all components of codependency and self-differentiation. One of the components of codependency is self-ignorance, in which a person devotes himself completely to others, even if he knows that the relationship may be harmful to him. This is contrary to the theory of self-differentiation, because one of the main dimensions of self-differentiation is the ability to distinguish between one's emotions and thoughts in relation to others. In such a way that the person maintains "I position" while communicating with his surroundings and communicates effectively with others while respecting himself. Data analysis showed a positive and significant relationship between all components of codependency with emotional abuse. It can be said that People in a state of codependency have less expression in different situations due to not paying attention to themselves. Because of these characteristics, they adhere to relationships that do not respect their rights. These people are abused during these relationships in various physical, sexual or psychological dimensions, and due to their dependence on this relationship and lack of sufficient social skills, they are not able to end the relationship and are more exposed to emotional violence. The results also showed a two-way and inverse relationship between self-differentiation and components of emotional abuse. Differentiated individuals are able to distinguish between thoughts and feelings as well as between intimacy and independence. Because of this ability, these people behave maturely in different situations and if they engage in a relationship that may be emotionally abusive, they will defend themselves and not feel obligated to maintain that relationship. They defend themselves and do not consider themselves obliged to maintain this relationship. Finally, the results showed that the mediating role of self-differentiation was significant in the relationship between all components of codependency with all components of emotional abuse except the component of reactivity. Differentiated individuals, because of their ability to deal with things rationally and focus on their abilities and rights, can deal rationally in situations that may be emotionally abusing (such as married life). In fact, increasing the degree of self-differentiation from the negative effects of correlation neutralizes and reduces the vulnerability of the components of emotional abuse. According to the findings, family counselors and couple therapists can reduce their emotional abuse by increasing women's differentiation, changing women's attachment to responsibility, and mature behaviors.
Ethical Considerations All participants in the study participated in the study by filling out a consent form, and the researchers assured them that the results of the research were confidential. Funding: The study was conducted at the personal expense of researchers. Authors’ contribution: In conducting this research, the first author writing this article, the second author of data collection, the third author of monitoring the implementation of the research and reviewing the article and the fourth author participated in the statistical analysis and corresponding of this article. Conflict of interest: This research is not in conflict with personal or organizational interests. Acknowledgments: The authors would like to thank all the participants in this study. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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اسکیان، پرستو. (1384). بررسی تاثیر سایکودرام بر افزایش تمایزیافتگی فرد از خانواده اصلی در دانش آموزان دختر دبیرستانی منطقه 5 شهر تهران. پایاننامه کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه تربیت معلم تهران. اسکیان، پرستو، عابدیان، احمد، و چنگیزی، فرهاد. (1387). هموابستگی و رابطه آن با تمایزیافتگی در دانشجویان کارشناسی دانشگاه تهران. مجموعه مقالات چهارمین سمینار سراسری بهداشت روان دانشجویان. براهیمی، نسترن. (1387). بررسی تاثیر آموزش انتخاب و کنترل گلاسر بر آزار عاطفی زوجین در شهر اصفهان. پایاننامه کارشناسی ارشد رشته مشاوره خانواده. دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه اصفهان. براهیمی، نسترن، احمدی، سید احمد، و عابدی، محمدرضا. (1388). رابطه ساده و چندگانه آزار عاطفی و اختلال‌های روانی در زنان شهر اصفهان. مطالعات اجتماعی روانشناختی زنان، 7(2)، 95-77. تیموریآسفیچی، علی، غلامعلی لواسانی، مسعود، بخشایش، علیرضا. (1391). پیشبینی رضایت زناشویی براساس سبکهای دلبستگی و خود-متمایزسازی. خانوادهپژوهی، 8(4)، 463-441. شریفی، شادی. (1384). مقایسه میزان هموابستگی در زنان با نقشهای جنسیتی گوناگون (زنانه، مردانه، دوجنسیتی، نامتمایز). زن در توسعه و سیاست، 3 (1)، 67-49. شعاع کاظمی، مهرانگیز. (1396). خشونت خانوادگی، دلزدگی زناشویی و احساس ارزشمندی در زنان عادی و مراجعه کننده دادگاه خانواده شهر تهران. مطالعات زن و خانواده، 1(5)، 52-35. کاظمیان، سمیه، و دلاور، علی. (1390). بررسی رابطه بین تمایزیافتگی و میزان تمایل به اعتیاد در مردان متاهل. فصلنامه نظم و امنیت انتظامی، 4 (4)، 115-105. کیانی، مجید، شیروانی، طهماسب، و خندان، اسماعیل. (1393). ارتباط بین خود-متمایزسازی و سلامت روان درجانبازان و معلولین. فصلنامه طب جانباز. 6 (4)، 169-163. گوهری، شیوا، زهراکار، کیانوش، و نظری، علی محمد. (1394). پیشبینی فرسودگی زناشویی براساس تمایزیافتگی و صمیمیت جنسی در پرستاران. پژوهش پرستاران، 11(2)، 80-72. مثقالی، شیوا، آقایی، اصغر، و قربانی، مریم. (1393). مقایسه هموابستگی و رضایت زناشویی زنان متاهل عادی و در شرف طلاق. دانش و پژوهش در روانشناسی کاربردی، 16(4)، 16-4. مطیعیان، سمیرا، قربانی، مریم، و گلپرور، محسن.(1394). نقش هموابستگی در پیشبینی سبکهای عشقورزی در زنان.دانش و پژوهش در روانشناسی کاربردی. 16 (3)، 99-90. مفردنژاد، ناهید، و منادی، مرتضی. (1399). ارتباط سرمایههای روانشناختی و فرهنگی با خشونت خانگی در زنان متأهل (مورد مطالعه: فرهنگیان بهبهان) مطالعات زن و خانواده، 8(1)، 213-189. موسوی، سیده فاطمه، و قلی نسب قوجه بیگلو، رقیه. (1398). نقش حمایت عاطفی و خودتعیین‌گری در پیشبینی تعارضات زناشوییِ زنان متأهل. مطالعات زن و خانواده، (1)7، 71-51. مومنی، خدامراد، و علیخانی، مصطفی. (1392). رابطه عملکرد خانواده، تمایزیافتگی خود و تابآوری با استرس، اضطراب و افسردگی در زنان متاهل شهر کرمانشاه. فصلنامه مشاوره و رواندرمانی خانواده، 3(2)، 329- 297. ولدخانی، جمیله. (1387). بررسی رابطه منزلتهای هویتی من و خود-متمایزسازی با سازگاری زناشویی در مردان و زنان متاهل دانشگاه علامه. پایاننامه کارشناسی ارشد مشاوره، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی تهران. یونسی، فاطمه. (1385). هنجاریابی و تعیین ویژگیهای روانسنجی آزمون خود-متمایزسازی در بین افراد 30-25 ساله. پایاننامه کارشناسی ارشد مشاوره، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران.
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