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نقش‌های معنایی حالت دستوری «به‌ای» در زبان روسی و روش‌های بیان آنها در زبان فارسی | ||
| زبان پژوهی | ||
| مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 28 تیر 1400 | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22051/jlr.2021.35662.2020 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
کریستینا بویاکویچ؛ رضا مراد صحرائی 
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| دانشکده ادبیات فارسی و زبان‌های خارجی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی | ||
| چکیده | ||
| در زبان روسی حالت «به‌ای» یکی از شش حالت دستوری به شمار می‌آید. با کمک حالت «به‌ای» پنج نقش معنایی یعنی پذیرنده، پذیرنده اطلاعات، تجربه‌گر، بهره‌ور/زیان‌دیده و عضو دوم رابطه بیان می‌شوند. از آنجایی که زبان فارسی فاقد مقوله «حالت» است، ابزارهای نحوی دیگری را برای بیان مفاهیمی که در زبان روسی توسط حالت «به‌ای» اظهار می‌شوند، به کار می‌برد. در مقاله حاضر، با استفاده از روش‌های زبان‌شناختی، از قبیل روش تحلیل مقابله‌ای، روش تحلیلی-توصیفی و همچنین در چارچوب نظریه ظرفیت، سعی کردیم تا روش‌های اصلی بیان پنچ نقش معنایی به زبان فارسی را ارایه بدهیم. در زبان فارسی این نقش‌های معنایی وابسته به نوع و معنای هسته خود به روش‌های مختلف بیان می‌شوند. پذیرنده، پذیرنده اطلاعات در صورتی متمم فعل عمل کنند عمدتاً به صورت مفعول غیرمستقیم بیان می‌شوند بهره‌ور/زیان‌دیده وابسته به معنای فعل می‌تواند به سه روش زیر بیان می‌شود: مفعول غیرمستقیم، مفعول مستقیم و متمم اضافه‌ای. زمانی که نقش‌های معنایی پذیرنده، پذیرنده اطلاعات و بهره‌ور/زیان‌دیده متمم اسم به شمار می‌آیند، در زبان فارسی این نقش‌ها بر عهده گروه حرف اضافه‌ای است که در نقش وابسته پسین گروه اسمی عمل می‌کند. زمانی که تجربه‌گر متمم فعل و قید گزاره‌ای باشد، به صورت ضمیر متصل در جمله غیرشخصی یا به صورت فاعل در جمله شخصی بیان می‌شود. آگر تجربه‌گر متمم صفت کوتاه باشد، در زبان فارسی آن نقش مفعول غیرمستقیم را ایفا می‌کنند. نقش معنایی عضو دوم رابطه وابسته به نوع و معنای هسته خود، به صورت متمم اضافه‌ای، مفعول غیرمستقیم، مسند و وابسته پسین گروه اسمی بیان می‌شود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| بهره‌ور/زیان‌دیده؛ پذیرنده؛ پذیرنده اطلاعات؛ تجربه‌گر؛ حالت دستوری «به‌ای» | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Semantic roles of dative case in Russian and ways of expressing them in Persian | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Kristina Buiakevych؛ Reza-Morad Sahraei | ||
| Faculty of Perisan literature and foreign languages. Allameh Tabataba’i University | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| 1. INTRODUCTION Grammatical case in the agglutinative and inflected languages is described as a tool that has two functions: 1. Determines the syntactic roles of a structure in a sentence, such as subject, direct object, indirect object, and so on. 2. Defines the semantic roles of a structure in a sentence such as agent, patient, beneficiary, recipient, etc. In Russian, the grammatical case is also considered as a way to show the syntactic relationship between the elements of a sentence or syntactic group. At the level of the sentence and the syntactic group, the verb or other word that act as head of the group government on its obligatory and optional arguments or complements with the help of grammatical cases. In Russian language defines six grammatical cases: nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, instrumental, prepositional. The dative case has a particular importance among the six grammatical cases because it has its own meaning. In Russian, with the help of dative case five semantic roles are expressed: recipient, addressee, experiencer, beneficiary/malefactive and second member of the relationship. Since Persian does not have the category of »case«, it uses other syntactic tools to express the concepts that are expressed in Russian by the grammatical cases: simple and compound prepositions, postposition «را», ezāfe, word order and conjunctions. In Russian, the dative case has four main semantic roles: recipient, addressee, experiencer, beneficiary/malefactive, and a secondary semantic role, ie the second member of the relationship. Since Persian language does not have a category »case«, the structures of Russian language that are used in the dative case are expressed in Persian language in different ways. In the present article, we examined each of these roles and identified the methods of expressing them in Persian 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present article, using linguistic methods such as contrastive analysis and analytical-descriptive methods and in the framework of Valency Theory, we tried to present the main methods of expressing five semantic roles in Persian. This research is basically of the contrastive type, from which a specific linguistic structure of the Russian language - the dative case and the way of expressing it in Persian has been studied. Of course, this research has tried to make it easier for readers to understand the content with the help of contrastive analysis. Therefore, the research method was based on selection and comparison in order to obtain a clear and definite result from the collected samples. Russian examples of Persian-Russian dictionary by Rubinchik (1985) and Persian examples of Russian Persian dictionary by Voskanyan (Voskanyan, 2002) have been selected. 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION These five semantic roles: recipient, addressee, experiencer, beneficiary/malefactive and second member of the relationship that in Russian with help oа dative case are expressed, In Persian are expressed in different ways depending on the type and meaning of their head. Recipient and addressee if they act as a complement to the verb, are mainly expressed as indirect object with prepositions «به» and «برای». Semantic role of beneficiary/malefactive depending on the meaning of its verb can be expressed in the following three ways: the indirect object, the direct object, and the genitive complement. When the semantic roles of recipient, addressee and beneficiary/malefactive are considered as nominal complementو in Persian these roles are expressed with the help of prepositional group that acts as posterior dependent of the noun group. When the experiencer is the complement of verb and predicative adverb, it is expressed as a enclitic pronoun in impersonal sentences or as a subject in a personal sentence. If the experiencer is a complement of the short adjective, in the Persian language it plays the role of indirect object. The semantic role of the second member of the relation, depending on the type and meaning of its head, is expressed as a genitive complement, an indirect object, a predicate and a posterior dependent of the nominal group. 4. CONCLUSION In this article, we have studied and identified the main ways of expressing semantic roles, which in Russian are formalized by the dative case, into Persian. The key factor influencing the way of translating semantic roles into Persian is the valence structure of the main word. We found that the main words, which in their valence structure contain semantic roles as recipient, addressee, experiencer, beneficiary/malefactive and second member of the relationship, are a verb, a noun, an adjective, short adjectives, predicate adverbs. It is the type of the main word, its semantics and, as a result, the valence structure that influences the way of translating Russian constructions in the dative case into Persian. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| addressee, beneficiary/malefactive, dative case, experiencer, recipient | ||
| مراجع | ||
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آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 127 |
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