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تفاوتهای بین گونهای و درون گونهای در جوانهزنی و سبز شدن بذر سه گونه هفتبند (Polygonum) | ||
زیست شناسی کاربردی | ||
مقاله 5، دوره 34، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 67، اردیبهشت 1400، صفحه 72-92 اصل مقاله (405.62 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22051/jab.2020.29096.1338 | ||
نویسنده | ||
مرجان دیانت* | ||
استادیار دانشکده کشاورزی و صنایع غذایی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران | ||
چکیده | ||
هفتبند یک از مهمترین علفهای هرز با وسیع ترین پراکنش در دنیاست که گونههای آن دارای خواب هستند. برای تعیین بهترین تیمار شکستن خواب سه گونه هفتبند خوابیده (Polygonum aviculare L.)، هفتبند پیچ (P. convolvulus L.) و هفتبند ایرانی (P. persicaria) آزمایشی انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل خراشدهی با اسید سولفوریک، نیترات پتاسیم، سرمادهی مرطوب، جیبرلیک اسید بودند. در بخش دیگر پژوهش اثرات دمای متناوب شب/ روز (5/15، 10/20، 15/25، 20/30 و 25/35 درجه سانتی گراد) و نور (تاریکی مطلق، 16 ساعت نور/8 ساعت تاریکی و نور مداوم) روی 10 جمعیت هفت بند، از سه گونه مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. همچنین جهت تعیین عمق مطلوب جوانهزنی، هفت عمق کاشت (0، 2، 4، 6، 8، 10، 12 سانتی متر) مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. بهترین تیمارها جهت شکستن خواب در گونههای هفتبند خوابیده و هفتبند ایرانی سرمادهی مرطوب و در هفتبند پیچ اسید سولفوریک بودند. تفاوت معنیداری در درصد و سرعت جوانهزنی بین جمعیتهای هفتبند وجود داشت. جوانهزنی در طیف گستردهای از نوسانات دمایی صورت گرفت اما تفاوتهای بین گونهای و درون گونهای در این سه گونه وجود داشت. جوانهزنی هفتبند پیچ به نور وابسته نبود. در همه جمعیتها با افزایش عمق کاشت درصد سبز شدن کاهش یافت اما واکنش سبز شدن بذرهای جمعیت ها به افزایش عمق کاشت، متفاوت بود. نیاز نوری هفتبند خوابیده و ایرانی نشان داد که این گونهها در مزارعی با شخم حداقل یا بدون شخم فراوانی بیشتری خواهند داشت. بنابراین افزایش عمق شخم میتواند در مدیریت این گونهها موثر باشد. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
بذر؛ دمای متناوب؛ شکستن خواب علف هرز؛ نیترات پتاسیم | ||
عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
Interspecific and Intraspecific Variations in Seed Germination and Emergence of Three Polygonum Species | ||
نویسندگان [English] | ||
Marjan Diyanat | ||
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Industry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran | ||
چکیده [English] | ||
Polygonum is one of the most widespread weeds in the world. To determine the best dormancy- breaking treatment, five dormancy-breaking treatments consisted of 10 and 20 min soaking in sulfuric acid, 0.2% nitrate potassium, wet chilling and 200 ppm gibberellic acid were studied. At second experiment germination percentage was evaluated under different alternating temperature and light regimes. seeds of ten populations were exposed to three levels of light (24 h darkness, 16 h light/8 h darkness and continuous light) and five alternating day/night temperature regimes 15/5°C, 20/10°C, 25/15°C , 30/20°and 35/25 ºC for 21 days. For third experiment, seven depths ( 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 cm) were investigated. Results showed that best treatment for dormancy breaking was wet chilling for Prostrate knotweed and Lady’s thumb and sulfuric acid 20 min for Wild buckwheat. Germination of Polygonum species seeds occurred over a wide range of alternating temperatures but there were inter- and intraspecific differences in optimal temperature. Wild buckwheat was not dependent to light for germination. Seedling emergence decreased exponentially with increasing burial depth with highest emergence for unburied seeds. The influence of burial depth was extremely dependent on population. High seedling emergence of Prostrate knotweed and Lady’s thumb on the soil surface could be suggesting light requirements. Therefore, spreading of these species would be higher in fields with no-tillage or minimum-tillage practices. Increasing of tillage depth could be an effective weed management strategy to reduce seedling emergence of Prostrate knotweed and Lady’s thumb. | ||
کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
Alternating temperature, Dormancy breaking, Nitrate potassium, Seed, Weeds | ||
مراجع | ||
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