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Hemati, M., Shaker, M. (2021). Genealogy of the Word “Nafs” in Semitic Languages by Examining Its Meanings in the Qur’an and the Bible. Glory of Art (Jelve-y Honar) Alzahra Scientific Quarterly Journal, 18(2), 213-239. doi: 10.22051/tqh.2021.33531.3000
Mohammadali Hemati; Mohammad Kazem Shaker. "Genealogy of the Word “Nafs” in Semitic Languages by Examining Its Meanings in the Qur’an and the Bible". Glory of Art (Jelve-y Honar) Alzahra Scientific Quarterly Journal, 18, 2, 2021, 213-239. doi: 10.22051/tqh.2021.33531.3000
Hemati, M., Shaker, M. (2021). 'Genealogy of the Word “Nafs” in Semitic Languages by Examining Its Meanings in the Qur’an and the Bible', Glory of Art (Jelve-y Honar) Alzahra Scientific Quarterly Journal, 18(2), pp. 213-239. doi: 10.22051/tqh.2021.33531.3000
Hemati, M., Shaker, M. Genealogy of the Word “Nafs” in Semitic Languages by Examining Its Meanings in the Qur’an and the Bible. Glory of Art (Jelve-y Honar) Alzahra Scientific Quarterly Journal, 2021; 18(2): 213-239. doi: 10.22051/tqh.2021.33531.3000

Genealogy of the Word “Nafs” in Semitic Languages by Examining Its Meanings in the Qur’an and the Bible

تحقیقات علوم قرآن و حدیث
Volume 18, Issue 2 - Serial Number 50, August 2021, Pages 213-239    PDF (591.79 K)
Document Type: Research Paper
DOI: 10.22051/tqh.2021.33531.3000
Authors
Mohammadali Hemati* 1; Mohammad Kazem Shaker2
1Assistant Professor of the Holy Quran University of Sciences and Education
2Professor/ Department of Qur’an and Hadith Sciences Allameh Tabatabaee university
Abstract
The application of the word "nafs" and its derivatives in the branches of the Semitic language and its numerous uses in the Qur’an and the Testaments indicate its ancientness and importance. The structure of the word in the northeastern and northwestern branches is “n-p-sh” and in the southern branches is “n-f-s” that indicate its evolution in the process of transition from one branch to another. The present study deals with the genealogy of the word "nafs" in Semitic languages, based on the comparative historical method. In the research process, the commonalities and differences are identified and its uses and examples in the Qur’an and the Testaments are shown. Evidence shows that the commonalities in structure and meaning are far greater than the differences. The word has more semantic development in some branches, the fact that is evident in the Qur’an and the Testments. "Rest" and "life" are two common meanings of the word in all branches, and then other numerous meanings have been extended from these two meanings. Its central meanings in these books mostly refer to transcendental issues such as God, soul and spirit. Some Arabic lexicographers have associated the word with the word "nafas", while this is not the case in other branches of the Semitic language.
 
Keywords
Nafs; breathing; life; soul; Quran; covenants; Semitic languages
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