دانشگاه الزهرا

  اخبار و اعلانات

 آمار

تعداد نشریات25
تعداد شماره‌ها938
تعداد مقالات7,710
تعداد مشاهده مقاله12,652,015
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله9,010,239
Safaie, Ebrahim. (1401). Locating the Source of Number Agreement Errors in Intermediate-to-Advanced Second Language Learners of English. جلوه هنر, 6(1), 137-160. doi: 10.22051/lghor.2021.34969.1438
Ebrahim Safaie. "Locating the Source of Number Agreement Errors in Intermediate-to-Advanced Second Language Learners of English". جلوه هنر, 6, 1, 1401, 137-160. doi: 10.22051/lghor.2021.34969.1438
Safaie, Ebrahim. (1401). 'Locating the Source of Number Agreement Errors in Intermediate-to-Advanced Second Language Learners of English', جلوه هنر, 6(1), pp. 137-160. doi: 10.22051/lghor.2021.34969.1438
Safaie, Ebrahim. Locating the Source of Number Agreement Errors in Intermediate-to-Advanced Second Language Learners of English. جلوه هنر, 1401; 6(1): 137-160. doi: 10.22051/lghor.2021.34969.1438

Locating the Source of Number Agreement Errors in Intermediate-to-Advanced Second Language Learners of English

Journal of Language Horizons
مقاله 7، دوره 6، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 11، مرداد 2022، صفحه 137-160    اصل مقاله (836.06 K)
نوع مقاله: Research article
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22051/lghor.2021.34969.1438
نویسنده
Ebrahim Safaie*
Assistant Professor, Department of English Language, Lamerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Lamerd, IRAN
چکیده
This study explores the extent to which adult Second Language (L2) Learners of English are sensitive to Subject-Verb (S-V) agreement errors with thematic verbs and copulas. A group of intermediate-to-advanced Persian-English second language learners and a group of native English speakers (NSs) participated in an online Speeded Acceptability Judgment task. The results are as follows. Whereas NSs are sensitive to number agreement errors in both verb types, second language learners are not. For the latter group, the results reveal the following systematic errors. For agreement errors in thematic verbs, there is an omission-commission asymmetry; whereas L2 learners are not sensitive to omission errors, they are sensitive to commission errors in finite forms. For copulas, there is a singular-plural asymmetry, indicating higher error rates in *plural subject NP + is configurations than in *singular subject NP+ are ones. Yet, proficiency seems to be a strong predictor of L2 learners’ sensitivity to agreement errors. The results support the Morphological Underspecification Hypothesis (McCarthy, 2007; 2008; 2012).
کلیدواژه‌ها
feature clash errors؛ omission-commission asymmetry؛ singular-plural asymmetry؛ subject-verb agreement؛ underspecification errors
عنوان مقاله [English]
ریشه‌یابی خطاهای مربوط به مطابقتِ شمار در فراگیران سطح متوسط-پیشرفتة زبان انگلیسی
نویسندگان [English]
ابراهیم صفائی
استادیار، گروه زبان انگلیسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد لامرد، لامرد، ایران
چکیده [English]
این پژوهش، میزانِ حساسیتی که زبان‌آموزان بزرگسال انگلیسی به خطاهای مطابقت فاعل-فعل در فعل‌های موضوعی و ربطی دارند، را بررسی می‌کند. یک گروه از فراگیران زبان دوم متوسط- پیشرفته ایرانی و گروهی از گویشوران بومی انگلیسی در فعالیت مقبولیت قضاوتِ سریع برخط شرکت کردند. یافته‌ها از این قرار است: درحالی‌که گویشوران بومی انگلیسی به خطاهای مطابقت شمار در هر دو نوع فعل حساس بودند، فراگیران زبان دوم به آن‌ها حساس نبودند. برای گروه فراگیران زبان دوم، یافته‌ها خطاهای نظام‌مند با الگوی زیر را نشان می‌دهد. برای خطاهای مطابقت شمار در فعل‌های موضوعی، عدم تقارنِ حذف-اضافه وجود داشت؛ در حالی‌که فراگیران زبان دوم به خطاهای حذف حساس نبودند، آن‌ها به خطاهای اضافه کردن در صورت‌های ایستا حساس بودند. برای خطاهای مطابقت شمار در فعل های ربطی‌ها، عدم تقارن مفرد-جمع وجود داشت که بیشترین مقدار خطا در آرایش‌های فاعل جمع + فعل ربطی مفرد در مقایسه با آرایش‌های فاعل مفرد + فعل ربطی جمع بود. با این وجود، به نظر می‌رسد مهارت زبانی یک پیش‌بین‌کنندة قوی در حساسیت فراگیران زبان دوم به خطاهای مطابقت باشد. یافته‌ها، فرضیه ابهام واژگانی (مک کارتی، 2007؛ 2008؛ 2012) را تأیید می‌کند.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
خطاهای مغایرت مشخصه, عدم تقارن حذف-اضافه,  عدم تقارن مفرد-جمع, مطابقت فاعل و فعل, خطاهای ابهام واژگانی
مراجع
  1. Allan, D. (1992). The Oxford Placement Test (2nd Edition). Oxford University Press.
  2. Armstrong, A., Bulkes, N., & Tanner, D. (2018). Quantificational cues modulate the processing of English subject-verb agreement by native Chinese speakers: An ERP study. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 40(4), 731-754. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0272263118000013
  3. Baayen, R. H. (2008). Analyzing linguistic data. A practical introduction to statistics using R. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  4. Barr, D. J., Levy, R., Scheepers, C., & Tily, H. J. (2013). Random effects structure for confirmatory hypothesis testing: Keep it maximal. Journal of Memory and Language, 68(3), 255-278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2012.11.001
  5. Blom, E., & Baayen, H. R. (2012). The impact of verb form, sentence position, home language and proficiency on subject-verb agreement in child L2 Dutch. Applied Psycholinguistics, 34(4), 777-811. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0142716412000021
  6. Chen, L., Shu, H., Liu, Y., Zhao, J., & Li, P. (2007). ERP signatures of subject-verb agreement in L2 learning. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 10(2), 161-174. https://doi.org/10.1017/S136672890700291X
  7. Cowper, E. (2005). The geometry of interpretable features: Infl in English and Spanish. Language, 81(1), 10-46. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4489853
  8. Davies, M. (2008). The Corpus of Contemporary American English: 450 million words, 1990-present. Retrieved from Available online at http://corpus.byu.edu/coca/
  9. Ellis, R. (2005). Measuring implicit and explicit knowledge of a second language: A psycholinguistic study. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 27, 141-172. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0272263105050096
  10. Eubank, L., & Grace, S. T. (1998). V-to-I and inflection in non-native grammars. In M.-L. Beck (Ed.), Morphology and its interfaces in L2 knowledge (pp. 69-88). John Benjamins.
  11. Forster, K., & Forster, J. (2003). DMDX: A Windows display program with millisecond accuracy. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 35(1), 116-124. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03195503
  12. Franceschina, F. (2005). Fossilized second language grammars: The acquisition of grammatical gender. John Benjamins.
  13. Franck, J., Lassi, G., Frauenfelder, U., & Rizzi, L. (2006). Agreement and movement: A syntactic analysis of attraction. Cognition, 101, 173-216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2005.10.003
  14. Harley, H. (1994). Hug a tree: deriving the morphosyntactic feature geometry. In A. Carnie, H. Harley, & T. Bures (Eds.), MIT Working Papers in Linguistics (Vol. 21, pp. 289–320).
  15. Harley, H., & Ritter, E. (2002). Person and number in pronouns: A feature-geometric analysis. Language, 78(3), 482-526. https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2002.0158
  16. Hawkins, R., & Chan, C. (1997). The partial availability of Universal Grammar in second language acquisition: The ‘failed functional feature hypothesis’. Second Language Research, 13(3), 187-226. https://doi.org/10.1191/026765897671476153
  17. Herschensohn, J. (2001). Missing inflection in L2 French: Accidental infinitives and other verbal deficits. Second Language Research, 17(3), 273-305. https://doi.org/10.1177/026765830101700303
  18. Hothorn, T., Hornik, K., & Zeileis, A. (2006). Unbiased recursive partitioning: A conditional inference framework. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics, 15(3), 651–674. https://doi.org/10.1198/106186006X133933
  19. Ionin, T., & Wexler, K. (2002). Why is ‘is’ easier than ‘-s’?: Acquisition of tense/agreement morphology by child second language learners of English. Second Language Research, 18(2), 95-136. https://doi.org/10.1191/0267658302sr195oa
  20. Jaeger, T. F. (2008). Categorical data analysis: Away from ANOVAs (transformation or not) and towards logit mixed models. Journal of Memory and Language, 59(4), 434–446. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2007.11.007
  21. Jiang, N. (2004). Morphological insensitivity in second language processing. Applied Psycholinguistics, 25(4), 603-634. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0142716404001298
  22. Lago, S., & Felser, C. (2018). Agreement attraction in native and non-native speakers of German. Applied Psycholinguistics, 39(1), 619–647. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0142716417000601
  23. Lardiere, D. (2007). Ultimate attainment in second language acquisition: A case study. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
  24. Lim, J. H., & Christianson, K. (2015). Second language sensitivity to agreement errors: Evidence from eye movements during comprehension and translation. Applied Psycholinguistics, 36(6), 1283-1315. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0142716414000290
  25. López Prego, B., & Gabriele, A. (2014). Examining the impact of task demands on morphological variability in native and non-native Spanish. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism, 4(2), 192–221. https://doi.org/10.1075/lab.4.2.03lop
  26. McCarthy, C. (2007). Morphological variability in second language Spanish [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. McGill University, Montreal. https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/concern/theses/hq37vs79g
  27. McCarthy, C. (2008). Morphological variability in the comprehension of agreement: An argument for representation over computation. Second Language Research, 24(4), 459-486. https://doi.org/10.1177/0267658308095737
  28. McCarthy, C. (2012). Modeling morphological variation and development: Person and number in L2 Spanish. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism, 2(1), 25-53. https://doi.org/10.1075/lab.2.1.02mcc
  29. McDonald, J. L. (2006). Beyond the critical period: Processing-based explanations for poor grammaticality judgment performance by late second language learners. Journal of Memory and Language, 55(3), 381-401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2006.06.006
  30. McElree, B., & Griffith, T. (1995). Syntactic and thematic processing in sentence comprehension: Evidence for a temporal dissociation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 21(1), 134-157. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.21.1.134
  31. Ojima, S., Nakata, H., & Kakigi, R. (2005). An ERP study of second language learning after childhood: Effects of proficiency. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 17(8), 1212-1228. https://doi.org/10.1162/0898929055002436
  32. Pearlmutter, N. J., Garnsey, S. M., & Bock, K. (1999). Agreement processes in sentence comprehension. Journal of Memory and Language, 41(3), 427-456. https://doi.org/10.1006/jmla.1999.2653
  33. Prévost, P., & White, L. (2000). Missing surface inflection or impairment in second language acquisition? Evidence from tense and agreement. Second Language Research, 16(2), 103-133. https://doi.org/10.1191/026765800677556046
  34. R Development Core Team. (2017). R: A language and environment for statistical computing: R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. Retrieved from http://www.R-project.org
  35. Radford, A. (2009). Analysing English Sentences: A Minimalist Approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  36. Rossi, S., Gugler, M. F., Friederici, A. D., & Hahne, A. (2006). The impact of proficiency on syntactic second-language processing of German and Italian: Evidence from event-related potentials. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 18(12), 2030-2048. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2006.18.12.2030
  37. Safaie, E. (2015). Sensitivity to subject-verb agreement in second language sentence processing: Evidence from L1 Persian speakers of L2 English [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. The University of Essex, Colchester. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.701425
  38. Safaie, E. (2020). Frequency effects of regular past tense forms in English on native speakers’ and second language learners’ accuracy rate and reaction time. Journal of Teaching Language Skills, 39(1), 153-199. https://doi.org/10.22099/jtls.2020.37229.2828
  39. Safaie, E. (2021). Sensitivity to regular and irregular past tense morphology in native speakers and second language learners of English: Evidence from intermediate-to-advanced Persian speakers of L2 English. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 50, 1107-1135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10936-021-09790-3
  40. Sato, M., & Felser, C. (2010). Sensitivity to morphosyntactic violations in English as a second language. Second Language, 9, 101-118. https://doi.org/10.11431/secondlanguage.9.0_101
  41. Schütze, C. T. (1996). The empirical base of linguistics: Grammatical judgments and linguistic methodology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  42. Slabakova, R. (2009). How is inflectional morphology learned? EuroSLA Yearbook, 9(1), pp. 56-75. https://doi.org/10.1075/eurosla.9.05sla
  43. Tanner, D., Nicol, J., Herschensohn, J., & Osterhout, L. (2012). Electrophysiological markers of interference and structural facilitation in native and nonnative agreement processing. In A. K. Biller, E. Y. Chung, & A. E. Kimball (Eds.), Proceedings of the 36th Boston University conference on language development (pp. 594-606). Cascadilla.
  44. Wakabayashi, S. (1997). The acquisition of functional categories by learners of English. [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. The University of Cambridge, Cambridge. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/34505048_The_acquisition_of_functional_categories_by_learners_of_English
آمار
تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 842
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 441


سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی. طراحی و پیاده سازی از سیناوب