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سنجش نشاط اجتماعی زنان بر اساس پایگاه اقتصادی– اجتماعی در شهر اصفهان | ||
| مطالعات اجتماعی روان شناختی زنان | ||
| مقاله 2، دوره 18، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 64، مهر 1399، صفحه 37-74 اصل مقاله (544.36 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22051/jwsps.2021.31970.2251 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| آرمین امیر1؛ سحر فائقی* 2 | ||
| 1استادیار گروه مطالعات فرهنگی دانشگاه علامه طباطبائیarmin.amir@atu.ac.ir | ||
| 2دکتری جامعهشناسی فرهنگی، گروه مدیریت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان) نویسنده مسئول: s.faeghi@gmail.com | ||
| چکیده | ||
| این پژوهش با هدف سنجش میزان نشاط اجتماعی زنان اصفهانی بر اساس پایگاه اقتصادی اجتماعی آنها انجام گرفته است. تحقیق از نوع توصیفی و روش آن پیمایشی است. جامعه آماری پژوهش، کلیه زنان 15 تا 65 سال ساکن در شهر اصفهان را شامل می‌شود که از میان آنها با استفاده از جدول مورگان، تعداد 395 نفر با روش نمونهگیری خوشهای چندمرحله‌ای در نمونه آماری قرار گرفتند. داده‌ها با استفاده از پرسش‌نامه استاندارد نشاط آکسفورد (OHQ) جمع‌آوری شد و با استفاده از نرم‌افزار آماری SPSS23 مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. نتایج آزمون T تک نمونهای نشان داد که میزان نشاط اجتماعی و ابعاد آن در نمونه پژوهش به‌طور معنیداری پایینتر از حد متوسط است (05/0>p). نتایج تحلیل واریانس نیز نشان داد، تفاوت میانگین نمرات نمونه بر اساس پایگاههای اقتصادی اجتماعی در عامل نشاط اجتماعی و ابعاد آن شامل رضایت از زندگی، همدلی، چشمانداز مثبت، بهزیستی و عزت‌نفس، معنادار است (05/0>p). نتایج تحلیل رگرسیون نشان داد که پایگاههای اقتصادی اجتماعی و سن، پیشبینهای معنیدار نشاط اجتماعی در زنان بودند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| نشاط اجتماعی؛ زنان؛ پایگاه اقتصادی- اجتماعی؛ اصفهان | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Measuring Women’s Social Happiness Based On Their Socioeconomic Status in Isfahan City | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Armin Amir1؛ Sahar Faeghi2 | ||
| 1Assistant Professor, Department of Cultural Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, Allameh Tabataba’i University. armin.amir@atu.ac.ir | ||
| 2Ph.D., in Cultural Sociology, Dept. of Management, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University. Corresponding author: s.faeghi@gmail.com | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Abstract The present study aims to measure the social happiness of Isfahan women based on their socioeconomic status. Research is based on a quantitative approach and the data gathering tool is a two-part questionnaire consisting of demographic information and social happiness scale. For measuring social happiness, the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ) was used. The research sample is 395 citizens aged 15 to 65 years in 15 Isfahan urban areas in 2019-2020, which were selected through a multistage cluster sampling method. The results indicate that the level of social happiness in women is significantly below the average (p < 0.05). The results of the analysis of variance show that mean differences of some social happiness factors such as satisfaction with life, sociability/empathy, positive outlook, well-being, and self-esteem are significant based on socioeconomic status (p < 0.05). Furthermore, social satisfaction varies between the classes such that the lower average is related to the lower class, and the upper class is correlated with the highest. Moreover, among the classes, social happiness varies such that the lowest average is linked to the lower class, and the upper class is related to the highest average. Overall, we find that the socioeconomic status and age of women in Isfahan have the power to predict social happiness. Keywords Social Happiness, Women, Socio-Economic Status, Isfahan Introduction Social happiness is considered as one of the significant components of social welfare and development in recent decades and social happiness has found a special place in the literature of development and social and welfare policies (Moradi & Hezarjaribi, 2019: 40). It is a noticeable index to evaluate the performance of the social and cultural system. To put it another way, happiness as a crucial social variable is an index of the development and progress of societies. The principal productive forces of societies are people, and women, who shape one-half of society's population, play a special role in enhancing society's capabilities. Recent and new studies on social research focus on women's happiness, both mentally and physically. One of the new research areas in social studies is to promote vitality and provide solutions to improve women’s happiness. Due to the necessity of this important variable in advancing social goals, it becomes more prominent progressively (Anbari & Haghi, 2013: 22). Research Objectives 1-What is the level of social happiness in different classes (upper, middle, and lower) among female citizens of Isfahan city? 2- Does the level of social vitality of Isfahan female citizens differ based on their socio-economic status? 3- What is the role of demographic characteristics (age, social class, and privilege of the place of residence) in predicting the social happiness of Isfahan female citizens? Method Research in terms of type is quantitative (descriptive, survey). The data gathering tool is a two-part questionnaire consisting of demographic information and social happiness factors. For measuring social happiness, the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ), Hills and Argyle (2002), was used with seven elements. The study sample consisted of 395 people aged 15 to 65 years in 15 Isfahan urban areas 2019-2020, using a multi-stage cluster sampling method. Social happiness was examined in the lower, middle, and upper classes. Class stratification was carried out based on the socio-economic status index which is consistent with Max Weber's stratification theory. Findings and Results The results indicate that the mean of the social happiness variable and all its dimensions were significantly lower than the hypothetical mean. This means that the level of social happiness and its dimensions are lower than average among women living in Isfahan. It is noteworthy that the highest average factor of social happiness and its dimensions are allocated to the upper class (with an average of 2.9), then the middle class (2.81), and finally the lower class (with an average of 2.66), respectively. According to the socio-economic bases, the mean difference in social happiness and life satisfaction dimensions, empathy, positive outlook, well-being, and self-esteem were significant however the lowest average is related to the low socio-economic base, followed by the highest position in the middle economic base and finally the high socio-economic base. Also, the relationship between socio-economic status and social happiness was reported to be positive and significant. Accordingly, with the increase of women's socio-economic status, social happiness increases by 0.211 units. Statistical analyzes showed that age has a significant and negative relationship with social happiness. Consequently, social happiness decreases by -0.142 units when the age increases, and finally, the education variable is removed from the model due to the inability to predict social happiness. Discussion and conclusion According to the results of the present study, it seems that providing opportunities for women's happiness by enhancing their mental and social skills is important and noteworthy. Furthermore, grounding for developing equal and lively presence of women in society in the form of cultural, social, political, and financial partnerships is important and noteworthy. And yet this is achievable by bridging class gaps and providing for the promotion of the socio-economic bases of the society by breaking down patriarchal, discriminatory, and gender-based structures. It seems that the gap between the realities and the real demands of women can be reduced by notifying women of their citizenship rights and their rights towards each other, and informing and obliging governmental and non-governmental organizations to observe equal citizenship rights of this group. This can, in turn, increase their happiness in society. References Afshani, S.A. (2013). An investigation of social happiness among the youth in the city of Yazd and the factors affecting it. Journal of Social Analysis of Order and Social Inequality, 7(2), 1-27. [Text in Persian] Akhshi, N., & Golabi, F. (2015). Social happiness and social participation. Journal of Applied Sociology, 26(3), 139-160. [Text in Persian] Anbari, M. (2012). The study of Grounds and Strategies for Increasing Social Happiness in Iran. Tehran: Supreme Council for the Cultural Revolution. [Text in Persian] Anbari, M., & Haghi, S. (2013). Effects of social risks on women's social happiness. Community Development (Rural and Urban Communities), 5(1), 133-158. [Text in Persian] Argyle, M. (2004). Psychology of happiness. (Translators: Masoud Gohari Anaraki et al). Isfahan: Jihad Daneshgahi (Jan 13, 2002). [Text in Persian] Argyle, M., & Lu, L. (1990). Happiness and social skills. Personality and Individual Differences, 11(12), 1255-1261. Bodenhausen, G. V., Kramer, G. P., & Susser, K. (1994). Happiness and stereotypic thinking in social judgment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66(4), 621–632. Caprara, G. V., & Steca, P. (2005). Affective and social self- regulatory efficacy beliefs as determinants of positive thinking and happiness. European Psychologist, 10(4), 275–286. Eysenck, M. (1996).Happiness: Facts and Myths. (Translators: Mohammad Firoozbakht and Khalil Beigi). Tehran: Badr (June 1, 1994). [Text in Persian] Gall, M. D., Borg, W. R., & Gall, J. P. (2007). Educational research: an introduction. (Translators: Ahmad Reza Nasre Isfahani), the First Volume of the Book, Tehran: Samat (January 1, 1989). [Text in Persian] Ghasemi, V., Esmaeili, R., & Rabiei, K. (2007). Measurment and ranking of social capital in the townships of Isfahan province. Refahj, 6(23), 225-250. [Text in Persian] Ghasemi, V., Vahida, F., Rabbani, R.., & Zakeri, Z. (2010). The effect of social class on attitude towards modernism in the city of Isfahan. 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Relationship between socio-economic status and cultural capital: a case study of Tehran. Journal of Social Sciences, 5(17), 33-66. [Text in Persian] Razmgar, M., & Asghari Ebrahim Abad, M. (2020). Studying the role of conflict management styles in prediction of life Satisfaction with mediation of happiness in married women. Women's Studies Sociological and Psychological, 18(1), 169-200. [Text in Persian] Schimmel, J. (2013). Development as happiness: The subjective perception of happiness and UNDP’s analysis of poverty, wealth and development. In The exploration of happiness (pp. 281-302). Springer, Dordrecht. Sharifzadeh, H., Mirmohammad Tabar, S., & Adlipour, S. (2018). A study of factors affecting social happiness in Iran: a meta-analysis of conducted research. Journal of Rahbord Farhang, 10(40), 159-180. [Text in Persian] Tamizifar, R. (2013). Social Happiness; Sociological analysis of factors affecting the social Happiness of Isfahan city. 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| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Social happiness, women, socioeconomic status, Isfahan | ||
| مراجع | ||
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Anbari, M., & Haghi, S. (2013). Effects of social risks on women's social happiness. Community Development (Rural and Urban Communities), 5(1), 133-158. [Text in Persian]
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