دانشگاه الزهرا

 News

 Statistics

Number of Journals25
Number of Issues918
Number of Articles7,565
Article View12,275,710
PDF Download8,681,655
Saboorian, M., Parsania, H. (2018). An Analysis on the Rise and Decline of the Akhbaris. Glory of Art (Jelve-y Honar) Alzahra Scientific Quarterly Journal, 28(38), 89-112. doi: 10.22051/hii.2018.16582.1432
Mohsen Saboorian; Hamid Parsania. "An Analysis on the Rise and Decline of the Akhbaris". Glory of Art (Jelve-y Honar) Alzahra Scientific Quarterly Journal, 28, 38, 2018, 89-112. doi: 10.22051/hii.2018.16582.1432
Saboorian, M., Parsania, H. (2018). 'An Analysis on the Rise and Decline of the Akhbaris', Glory of Art (Jelve-y Honar) Alzahra Scientific Quarterly Journal, 28(38), pp. 89-112. doi: 10.22051/hii.2018.16582.1432
Saboorian, M., Parsania, H. An Analysis on the Rise and Decline of the Akhbaris. Glory of Art (Jelve-y Honar) Alzahra Scientific Quarterly Journal, 2018; 28(38): 89-112. doi: 10.22051/hii.2018.16582.1432

An Analysis on the Rise and Decline of the Akhbaris

تاریخ اسلام و ایران
Article 4, Volume 28, Issue 38 - Serial Number 128, September 2018, Pages 89-112    PDF (651.07 K)
Document Type: Scientific-Research
DOI: 10.22051/hii.2018.16582.1432
Authors
Mohsen Saboorian* 1; Hamid Parsania2
1PhD in Sociology, University of Tehran
2Associated Professor, Faculty of Social Siences, University of Tehran
Abstract
Akhbari (scriptualist) movement, was a revival and reformulation of the traditionists, initiated by Muhammad Amin Astarabadi in 17th century, which became the leading school of shi'a jurisprudence for about one and a half century. It is rather exaggerated about the success of this movement so as to say there was no no 'Usuli (rationalist) mujtahid in these years in Iran and Iraq. The canonical school in 12th century is that of Muhammad Baqir Majlesi, by whom even 'Usuli mujtahids of this century are influenced and owe a lot. The transition from extremist school of Astarabadi to the moderate school of Majlesi opened a room for 'Usulies to reconstruct their teachings. This transition can be seen by writing commentaries to 'usuli writings through 17th and 18th centuries. Finally, this transition was yielded by Wahid Bihbihani, who was respected by both akhbaris and usulis because of his family relations. He could defeat akhbaris by the end of 18th century.
 
Keywords
Akhbaris (scriptualists); 'Usulis (rationalists); Allameh Majlesi; Muhammad Amin Astarabadi; Wahid Bihbihani
References

-Abisaab, Rula. Converting Persia: Religion and Power in the Safavid Empire, New York: I. B. Tauris. p. 106; 2004.Abisaab, Rula Jurdi. The Ulama of Jabal ‘Amil in Safavid Iran, 1501-1736: Marginality. Migration and Social Change. Iranian Studies, Vol: 27, No. 1/4, Religion and Society in Islamic Iran during the Pre-Modern Era. Pp: 103-122; 1994.

-Al-ʾAfandī MʿA. Taʿlīķat ʾAmal al-ʾĀmil. Qum: Public Library of Ḥaḍrat Āyatullah al-ʿUẓmā Marʿashī Nadjafī; 1990.Al-Baḥrānī YA. Ḥadāʾiq Al-Naḍirat Fī Aḥkām Al-ʿIṭrat Al-Ṭahirat, 25 vols. Qum: Daftar ʾIntishārāt ʾIslāmī; 1985.

-Al-ʾAnṣārī M MA. Farāʾid Al-ʾUṣūl. 4 vols. ed. by Lujnat Al-Taḥqīq Turāth Al-Shaikh Al-ʾAʿẓam, Qum: Majmaʿ Al-Fikr Al-ʾIslāmī; 2001.

-Al-Baḥrānī, Yusuf b. ʾAḥmad, Luʾluʾat Al-Baḥrayn Fī ʾIjāzāt Wa Taraji Rijāl Al-Ḥadīth, ed. by Sayyid Muḥammad Ṣādiq Baḥrulʿulūm, Manāmat: Maktabat Fakhrāwī, 2008.

-Al-Bihbahānī MBW. Al-Fawāʾid Al-Ḥāʾirīyyat. Qum: Majmaʿ Al-Fikr A-ʾIslāmī; 1994.

-Algar Ḥ. Dīn wa Dawlat dar ʾĪrān: Naķshi ʿUlamā dar Dawrah Qādjār, Translated by Abulķāsim Sirrī. Tehrān: Tūs; 1990.

-Al-Ḥillī Ḥ Y. Nihāyat Al-Wuṣūl ʾIlā ʿIlm Al-ʾUṣūl. 5 vols, Qum, Muʾassisa Al-ʾImām Al-Ṣādiq, 1425 ah.

-Al-Ḥur Al-ʿĀmilī M Ḥ.  ʾAmal Al-ʾĀmil Fī ʿUlamāʾ Djabal ʿĀmil. 2 vols, Baghdād: Maktabat Al-ʾAndulus, n.d.

-Al-Khwānsārī M B. Rawḍāt al-Djannāt Fi Aḥwāl Al-ʿUlamāʾ Wa Al-Sādāt. 8 vols. Tehrān: Maṭbaʿah Ḥaydarīyyah, 1390 ah.

-Al-Madjlisī MT.  Lawāmiʿ Ṣāḥibķarānī Al-Mushtahar Bisharḥ Al-Faķīh, vol. 1, Qum: ʾIsmāʿīlīyān, 1993.

-_____.  Rawḍat Al-Muttaķīn fī Sharḥ Man Lā Yaḥḍaruh Al-Faķīh, ed. by Sayyid Ḥusayn Mūsawī, et. al., vol. 1, Qum: Muʾassisa Farhangī ʿIslāmī Kūshānpūr, 1986.

-Al-Māzandarānī Ḥaʾirī MʾI. Muntahā Al-Maķāl Fī Aḥwāl Al-Ridjāl, 7 vols, Qum: Muʾassisa ʾĀl Al-Bayt (ʿAlayhim Al-Salām) Liʾiḥyāʾ Al-Turāth, 1995.

-Al-Qazwīnī Dj. Al-Mardjaʿīyyat Al-Dīnīyyat Al-ʿUlyā ʿInda Al-Shīʿat Al-ʾImamīyyat, Beyrūt: Dār Al-Rāfidīn, 2005.

- _____.  Al-Ḥarikat Al-ʾAkhbārī yyat wa Haķiķat Al-Ṣirāʿ Al-ʾUṣūlī Wa Takfīr Al-ʾIhsāʾī. Madjalla Al-Fikr Al-Djadīd, No. 1, pp. 83-92, 1991.

-Al-Qazwīnī, ʿA MT.  Tatmīm ʾAmal Al-ʾAmil. ed. by Sayyid Aḥmad Husaynī Eshkewarī, Qum, Khayyām; 1987.

-Al-Ṣadr, Al-Sayyid M B. Al-Maʿālim Al-Djadīdat Lilʾusūl: Ghāyat Al-Fikr. Qum: Kungirih Shahīd Ṣadr, 2000.

-Al-Subḥanī Dj. Mawsūʿat Ṭabaķāt al-Fuķahāʾ: al-Muqaddima Al-Fiqh Al-ʾIslāmī Manābiʿih Wa ʾAdwārih. Qum: Muʾassisa Al-ʾImām Al-Ṣādiq, 1418 ah.

- Al-Ṭihrānī Ā B. Al-Dhariʿat ʾIlā Taṣānīf Al-Shariʿat. 25 vols. Beyrūt: Dār Al-Aḍwāʾ, 1403 ah.

- _____.  Ṭabaķāt ʾAʿlām Al-Shīʿat. 17 vols. Beyrūt: Dār Iḥyāʾ Al-Turāth Al-ʿArabī, 14030 ah.

-ʾAmīn S M. ʾAʿyān Al-shīʿat.11 vols. Beyrūt: Dār Al-Taʿāruf Lilmaṭbūʿāt; 1986.

-Anṣārī Ḥ. Tashayuʿ ʾImāmī Dar Bastar Taḥawwul. vol. 1, Tehran: Māhī; 2016.

-ʾAstarābadī M A. Dānishnāma Shāhī. Library of Islamic Consultative Assembly: Manuscript. Sec. 3072. No. 77948; (n.d).

-ʾAstarābadī M A, Al-ʿĀmilī N A. al-Fawāʾid al-Madanīyyat wa al-Shawahid al-Makkīyyat. Edited by: Raḥmatullah Raḥmatī Arākī. Qum: Djāmiʿa Mudarrisīn Ḥawzah ʿīlmīyyah Qum; 2005.

-Bihishtī ʾI. ʿAkhbārīgarī (Tārīkh wa Aqaʾid). Qum: Dār Al-Ḥadīth, 2011.

-Cole. Jual. Shi'i Clerics in Iraq and Iran, 1722-1780: The Akhbari-Usuli Conflict Reconsidered, Iranian Studies, No 18, pp. 3-34; 1985.

-Dārābī MM. Maķāmāt Al-Sālikīn dar Ghinā, Mūsīķī, ed. by Riḍā Mukhtārī and Muḥammad Riḍā Niʿmatī, vol. 1, Qum: Mirṣād, 1997.

-Djannātī MʾI. ʾAdwār Fiķh wa Kayfīyyat Bayān ʾĀn. Tehrān: Kayhān, 1995.

-Ḥāʾirī ʿA. Tashayyuʿ wa Mashrūṭīyyat dar ʾĪrān. Tehrān: Amīr Kabīr; 2013.

-Jaʿfarīyān R. Du Risālah ʾaz Shaykh Djaʿfar Kāshif al-Ghiṭāʾ ʾAlayhi Mīrzā Muḥammad ʾAkhbārī. Tehrān: Kitābkhānih Mūzih wa Markaz ʾAsnād Madjlis Shūrā ʾIslāmī, 2012.

- _____. Tārīkh Tashayuʿ dar ʾĪrān ʾaz ʾĀghāz Tā Pāyān Ķarn Nuhum Hidjrī, 2 vols. Tehrān: ʿIlm, 2015.

-Karakī Ḥ Sh Al-Dīn. Hidāyat Al-ʾAbrār ʾIlā Ṭarīķi ʾAʾimmat Al-ʾAṭhār. ed. by Taʾūf Jamāl Al-Dīn, Najaf, n.d.

-Kāshif Al-Ghiṭā Dj.  Ḥaķ Al-Mubīn fi Taṣwīb Al-Mudjtahidīn wa Takhṭaʾat Al-ʾAkhbārīyyīn. Lithography, Tehrān: Aḥmad Al-Shīrazī, 1901.

-Kirmānshāhī, ʾĀ A M ʿA. Mirʾāt Al-Aḥwāl Djahān Numā, vol. 1, Qum: ʾAnṣāriyān, 1994.

-Kishmīrī M ʿA. Nudjūm Al-Samāʾ fī Tarādjim Al-ʿUlamā: Sharḥ Ḥāl ʿUlamāyi Ķarnhāyi Yāzdahum Dawāzdahum wa Sīzdahum. Tehrān: Čāp wa Nashr Baynulmilal, 2008.

-Litvak, Meir, Continuity and Change in the Ulama Population of Najaf and Karbala, 1791—1904: A Socio-Demographic Study, Iranian Studies, No. 23, pp. 31-60; 1990.

-Mudarrisi. Hossein. Rationalism and Traditionalism in Shî’î Jurisprudence: A Preliminary Survey, Studia Islamica. No. 59, pp. 141-158; 1984.

-Mudarrisi Ṭabāṭabāʾī, Ḥ. Muķaddimah ʾī Bar Fiķh Shiʿah: Kullīyyat wa Kitābshināsī. tr. by Muḥammad ʾĀṣif Fikrat, Mashhad: ʾĀstān Quds Raḍawī, 1989.

-Mudarris Tabrīzī MʿA.  Rayḥānat Al-ʾAdab. 8 vols, Tehrān: Khayyām, 1995.

-Muṭahharī M. Dah Guftār. Tehrān: Ṣadrā, 2000.

-Qumī Sh ʿA.  Al-Fawāʾid Al-Raḍawīyyat: Sargudhasht ʿĀlimān Shīʿah, 2 Vols, ed. by Nāṣir Bāķirī Bīdhindī, Qum: Būstān Kitāb, 2006.

-Shaykh ʿAli Kabīr, ʿA M. Al-Dur Al-Manthūr min Al-Maʾthūr wa Ghayr Al-Maʾthūr. Tehrān: Al-Markaz Al-ʿĀlī Lilʿulūm wa Al-Thiķāfat Al-ʾIslāmīyyah, 1433.

-Subḥanī Dj. Tārīkh Fiķh wa Fuķahāyi ʾImāmīyyah. Translated by: Ḥasan Djalālī, Tehrān: Dānishgāh ʾImām Ṣādiq, 2008.

-Tunikābunī M. Ķiṣaṣ Al-ʿUlamāʾ. Tehrān: Kitābfurūshī ʾIslāmīyyah, n.d

-Zarķī M, Ṣāberī, Ḥ. An Exploration into the Criterion for Dividing the Jurists into ʾAkhbārī and ʾUṣūlī, Journal of Fiķh and Uṣῡl. 46 (3), 97-122, 2014.

 

Statistics
Article View: 692
PDF Download: 1,156


Journal Management System. Powered by Sinaweb