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ارزیابی تنوع زیستی ژرم‌پلاسم گردوی (Juglans regia L.) استان کرمان | ||
| زیست شناسی کاربردی | ||
| مقاله 8، دوره 38، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 83، اردیبهشت 1404، صفحه 106-117 اصل مقاله (1.15 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22051/jab.2025.47051.1626 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| جواد فرخی تولیر* 1؛ بهمن پناهی2 | ||
| 1استادیار .مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کرمان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی (AREEO)، کرمان، ایران، | ||
| 2دانشیار.مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی (AREEO)، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| مقدمه: مطالعه به‌منظور شناسایی اولیه تعدادی از ژنوتیپ‌های گردوی برتر استان کرمان انجام گردید. روش‌ها: از بین ژنوتیپ‌های گردوی مناطق بافت و رابُر استان کرمان واقع در ارتفاع از سطح دریای بین 2163 تا 2867 متر، 43 ژنوتیپ توسط 27 صفت مورفولوژیکی و به‌مدت سه سال (1399 تا 1402) بررسی گردیدند. نتایج حاصله براساس آماره‌های توصیفی و چند متغیره مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. یافته‌ها: براساس نتایج این پژوهش، تنوع ژنتیکی بین ژنوتیپ‌ها از الگوی پراکنش جغرافیائی تبعیت نمی‌کرد. قدرت رویشی در ژنوتیپ‌های 18، 19 و 22 خیلی قوی بود. میزان جدا شدن مغز در 34 درصد ژنوتیپ‌ها راحت و خیلی راحت بود. میزان محصول در 7 ژنوتیپ خیلی زیاد گزارش گردید. در حدود 16 درصد از ژنوتیپ‌های بررسی‌شده نسبت به سرمای دیررس بهاره حساس بودند و بقیه حساسیت متوسط یا کمی نشان دادند. هیچ علایمی مبنی بر وجود بیماری آنتراکنوز بین ژنوتیپ‌ها گزارش نگردید. بیشترین ضریب تغییرات (CV) به صفت "زمان ریزش گرده گل‌های نر" (32/77%) تعلق داشت. تجزیه به مؤلفه‌های اصلی (PCA) نشان داد که 10 مؤلفه اول مرتبط با صفات کیفی توصیف‌کننده 75 درصد کل تغییرات بودند. براساس دندروگرام، از نقطه نظر صفات کیفی، 4 گروه مجزا ایجاد گردید. نتیجه‌گیری کلی: از آنجائی که صفات مطلوب اصلاحی در گردو که شامل دیربرگ-دهی، زود باردهی و نوع باردهی جانبی می‌باشد، می‌توان گفت که ژنوتیپ‌های 1، 2، 10 و 39 با تمامی این صفات همبستگی مثبتی نشان دادند. نتایج این پژوهش می‌تواند در انتخاب ژنوتیپ‌های مناسب و به‌کارگیری آن‌ها در برنامه‌های به‌نژادی در آینده مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| برگ‌دهی؛ ژنوتیپ؛ صفات مورفولوژیک؛ عادت باردهی؛ گردو | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Biodiversity assessment of walnut (Juglans regia L.) germplasm in Kerman province. | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Javad Farrokhi Toolir1؛ Bahman Panahi2 | ||
| 1Assistant Professor.Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Kerman, Iran. | ||
| 2Associate Professor.Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Horticultural Science Research Institute (HSRI), Karaj, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Background: A study was conducted to initially identify a number of superior walnut genotypes in Kerman province. Methods: Among the walnut genotypes from different regions in Kerman province located at elevations ranging from 2163 to 2867 meters above sea level, 43 genotypes were evaluated for 27 morphological variables over a period of three years (2020 to 2023). The results were evaluated based on descriptive statistics and multivariable analysis; Findings: According to the results of this research, the genetic diversity among genotypes did not follow a geographical distribution pattern. The growth vigor in genotypes 18, 19, and 22 was very strong. The ease of kernel separation was easy or very easy in 34% of genotypes. High yield was reported in 7 genotypes. About 16% of the genotypes were sensitive to late spring frost, while the rest showed medium or low sensitivity. No signs of anthracnose disease were reported among the genotypes. The highest coefficient of variation (CV) belonged to the trait "time of pollen shedding" (77.32%). Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the first 10 components related to qualitative traits described 75% of the total variation. Based on the dendrogram, 4 distinct groups were created in terms of qualitative traits. Conclusion: Since desirable traits for walnut breeding, such as late leafing, early bearing, and lateral bearing type, are important, it can be said that genotypes 1, 2, 10, and 39 showed positive correlations with all these traits. The results can be used in selecting genotypes for using in future breeding programs | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Leafing, Genotype, Morphorologic traits, Bearing habit, Walnut | ||
| مراجع | ||
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