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مقایسه ترکیب رژیم غذایی وزغ متغیر Bufotes sitibundus (Amphibia: Anura: Bufonidae) در محیط درون و بیرون از غارها در غرب ایران | ||
| زیست شناسی کاربردی | ||
| مقاله 6، دوره 36، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 77، آذر 1402، صفحه 60-68 اصل مقاله (1.03 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22051/jab.2023.42022.1517 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| حمید درویش نیا* ؛ امیر ارسلان کاویانی فرد | ||
| استادیار، گروه زیست‌شناسی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| شرایط نسبتاً پایدار غارها مانند رطوبت و حداقل تغییرات دما، مکان مناسبی را برای تولیدمثل، کسب غذا و دوری از دمای شدید در برخی حیوانات، از جمله دوزیستان بی‌دم که غارزیان تصادفی محسوب می‌شوند، فراهم می‌کند. دوزیستان بی‌دم شکارچیان فرصت‌طلبی هستند که از منابع غذایی با فراوانی بیشتر در محیط اطرافشان تغذیه می‌کنند. در پژوهش حاضر به بررسی رژیم غذایی وزغ Bufotes sitibundus (Pallas, 1771) ساکن محیط غار پرداخته شد، و ضمن معرفی این گونه، گزینه‌های غذایی آن‌ها با نمونه‌های مشابه بیرون از محیط غار مورد مقایسه قرار گرفت. محتویات معده 37 نمونه وزغ به روش تخلیه محتویات معده جداسازی و مجموعاً 469 گزینه غذایی تا حد راسته یا خانواده شناسایی شدند. بررسی محتویات معده نشان داد که هر دو گروه وزغ اغلب از بندپایان خشکی‌زی تغذیه می‌کنند. وزغ‌های بیرون از محیط غار رژیم غذایی متنوع‌تر و با فراوانی بیشتری را نسب به نمونه‌های ساکن غار دارا بودند که راسته بال‌غشائیان با 89/44 درصد و قاب‌بالان با 38/30 درصد دارای بیشترین فراوانی بودند. در نمونه‌های ساکن غار، قاب بالان با 45/48 درصد و بال‌غشاییان با 40/13 درصد دارای بیشترین فراوانی در بین گزینه‌های غذایی بودند. تنوع بیشتر گزینه‌های غذایی وزغ‌های بیرون غار نسبت به نمونه‌های ساکن غار انعکاسی از وضعیت بی‌مهرگان هر دو محیط است. تنوع و فراوانی کمتر گزینه‌های غذایی در محیط غار سبب به وجود آمدن رقابت غذایی شدیدتر در محیط منحصر به فرد و با منابع انرژی پایین غار است. همچنین وجود طعمه‌هایی با اندازه‌های مختلف در بین گزینه‌های غذایی، نشان‌دهنده‌ی یک تغذیه فرصت‌طلبانه می‌باشد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| بی‌مهرگان خشکی‌زی؛ دوزیست بی‌دم؛ غارزی تصادفی؛ قاب بال؛ گزینه‌های غذایی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Comparison of diet composition of variable toad Bufotes sitibundus (Amphibia: Anura: Bufonidae), inside and outside the caves in western Iran | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Hamid Darvishnia؛ Amir Arsalan Kavyani Fard | ||
| Assistant Professor.Department of Biology, Payame Noor University, Tehran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The relatively stable conditions of caves, such as humidity and minimal variation of temperature, provide a suitable place to reproduce, exploit food, and avoid extreme temperatures in some animals, including anurans, which are considered trogloxenes or accidental cave dwellers. Anurans are opportunistic predators that feed upon numerous food resources that are more abundant in their environment. The diet of variable toads was investigated and compared between specimens collected inside and outside the caves. Using the stomach flushing technique, a total of 37 specimens of variable toads were flushed, and 469 food items were identified to order or family ranks. Examination of the stomach contents of toads demonstrated that the diet of two groups mainly consist of terrestrial insects. The toads outside the cave had a more variable and abundant diet than the specimens examined within the caves, with orders Hymenoptera (44.89%) and Coleoptera (30.38%) as the first and second highest rank of abundance. Coleoptera (48.45%) and Hymenoptera (13.40%) were the most abundant food items among specimens collected from the caves. Greater variety of food items of toads outside the caves compared to the toads within the caves is a reflection of invertebrate communities in both environments. The less diversity and abundance of food items in the cave habitat implies a more intense food competition in the cave's unique environment with low energy resources. The presence of different size preys among the food items also, indicates an opportunistic feeding in this toad. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Accidental cave dweller, Anuran Amphibian, Coleoptera, Food items, Terrestrial Invertebrates | ||
| مراجع | ||
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