پیوندهای مفید
اخبار و اعلانات
آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 25 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 938 |
| تعداد مقالات | 7,697 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 12,624,239 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 8,986,532 |
جایگاه نفت ایران در منافع نفتی آمریکا در خاور میانه 1320-1330 | ||
| تاریخ اسلام و ایران | ||
| مقاله 1، دوره 24، شماره 23، آذر 1393، صفحه 35-59 اصل مقاله (559.18 K) | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22051/hii.2015.797 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| محمدعلی اکبری* 1؛ میکائیل وحیدی راد2 | ||
| 1دانشیار گروه تاریخ دانشگاه شهید بهشتی | ||
| 2دانشجوی دکتری تاریخ ایران دوره‌ی اسلامی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی | ||
| چکیده | ||
| اهمیت نفت ایران برای آمریکا بیشتر از منظر کودتای 28 مرداد برای بسیاری شناخته شده است؛ اما با اتمام جنگ جهانی دوم، سیاست خارجی آمریکا بر حمایت از بازسازی کشورهای همسو و متحد و مبارزه با گسترش کمونیسم متمرکز شد. در این میان، به‌دلیل اهمیت نفت برای جهان آزاد و نیاز کشورهای جهان به انرژی برای بازسازی، آمریکا سیاست حفظ ایران در مدار کشورهای آزاد به هر قیمتی را در سیاست خارجی خود قرار داد؛ از این رو سیاستمداران آن کشور با اینکه به‌دنبال منافع مستقیم نفتی در ایران نبودند، در دسترس بودن نفت ایران برای کشورهای آزاد را امری لازم قلمداد می‌کردند و خود بیشتر بر اهمیت ژئوپولتیک جایگاه ایران تأکید می‌کردند. در پژوهش حاضر، با روش تحلیل تاریخی و استناد بر اسناد وزارت خارجه‌ی آمریکا در سال‌های 1320-1330، درصدد هستیم که تصویری شفاف از جایگاه نفت ایران ارائه دهیم که با مطالعه‌ی آن، کودتای 28 مرداد 1332 و دخالت مؤثر آمریکا را درک کنیم. سیاست آمریکا در این دوره، بر کسب منافع غیرمستقیم از صنعت نفت ایران استوار بود که با روی کار آمدن دکتر مصدق و ملی شدن صنعت نفت، به کسب منافع مستقیم گرایش یافت. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| نفت؛ جنگ جهانی دوم؛ کمونیسم؛ انگلستان؛ ملی شدن نفت؛ آمریکا | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The Role of Iran in Fulfilling the US Oil Profits in the Middle East during 1950-1960 | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mohammad Ali Akbari1؛ Michael Vahidi Rad2 | ||
| 1Associated Professor, Department of History, Shahid Behshti University | ||
| 2Ph.D. Candidate in History of Islamic Iran, Shahid Behshti University | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The Mordad 28, 1332 coup (August 19, 1953) is the main event which reminds us of the US desire for Iranian oil. After the end of the World War II, the US concentrated on reconstructing its allied countries and preventing the dissemination of communism. In this regard and due to the crucial importance of oil for the free world and the need of oil for reconstruction, the US used its entire means to keep Iran in the free world camp, as a priority of its foreign policy. Although, western politicians were not seeking direct access to Iranian oil resources, they emphasized over the free world’s accessibility to Iranian oil, and mostly the geopolitical status of Iran in the Middle East. Based on the documents of 1950-1960, disseminated by the US Department of State, and applying a descriptive-historical method; this article aims at depicting a clear image of the role of Iranian oil resources in the Mordad 28, 1332 coup (August 19, 1953) in Iran and the US’ influential role in this event. In fact, the main US policy during this era was initially based on gaining indirect profits from Iranian oil resources. But after the admittance of Mosaddeq, the Iranian prime minister, and the nationalization of the Iranian oil industry; the US changed its policy into gaining direct profits. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Oil, World War II, Communism, England, Nationalization of oil, The US | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
منابع - ترابی، یوسف. (1379). «روش‌شناسی متغیرهای دخیل در گرایش آمریکا به تجدید روابط با جمهوری اسلامی ایران و پیامدهای آن بر امنیت ملی». دانش انتظامی. تابستان و پاییز. ش 6 و 7. صص 60-85. - حشمت‌زاده، محمدباقر. (1388). نفت ایران بین دو انقلاب. تهران: دانشگاه شهید بهشتی. - روزنامه‌ی رسمی کشور شاهنشاهی ایران. - روزنامه‌ی کیهان. - صورت مذاکرات مجلس شورای ملی. - طلوعی، محمود. (1372). بازیگران عصر پهلوی. ج 1. تهران: علم. - کاتوزیان، محمدعلی. (1371). مصدق و مبارزه برای قدرت در ایران. ترجمه‌ی فرزانه طاهری. تهران: نشر مرکز. - کشاورز، کریم. (1357). من متهم می‌کنم کمیته‌ی مرکزی حزب توده را. تهران: رواق. - مصدق، غلامحسین. (1369). در کنار پدرم مصدق. تهیه و تنظیم غلامرضا نجاتی. چ 2. تهران: رسا. - مکی، حسین. (1364). کتاب سیاه. چ 3. تهران: امیرکبیر. - مهدی‌نیا، جعفر. (1363). زندگی سیاسی رزم‌آرا. تهران: پاسارگاد. - موحد، محمدعلی. (1378). خواب آشفته‌ی نفت: دکتر مصدق و نهضت ملی ایران. ج 1. تهران: کارنامه. - میراحمدی، مریم. (1366). پژوهشی در تاریخ معاصر ایران؛ برخورد شرق و غرب در ایران 1950- 1900. مشهد: آستان قدس رضوی. - نجاتی، غلامرضا. (1364). 25 سال در خدمت نیروی هوایی. تهران: رواقی. - ------------ (1387). جنبش ملی شدن صنعت نفت ایران و کودتای 28 مرداد 1332. چ 8. تهران: شرکت سهامی انتشار. - Anglo-Iranian Oil Company, Annual Reports and Accounts as at 31st. (1952). London. - Fatemi Safaipour, Nasrollah. (1954). Oil Diplomacy powderkege In Iran. New York: Whittier book.
اسناد - 611.41/12-2050, Memorandum by the Director of the Office of Greek, Turkish, and Iranian Affairs (Rountree) to the Assistant Secretary of State of Near Eastern, South Asian, and African Affairs (McGhee), WASHINGTON, December 20, 1950. - 891.00/12-447 Memorandum by the Acting Chief of the Division of Greek, Turkish, and Iranian Affairs (telernegam)to the Director of the Office of Near Eastern and African Affairs (Hendersons).[Washington]December4, 1947. - CFM·Files: Iot M-.88: Box 149Paper Prepared in the Bureau of Near Eastern, South Asian, and African Affairs, [WASHINGTON] April .27, 1950. Department of State, Treaties and Other International Acts Series, F.R.U.S 1666. - F.R.U.S Lot 484: MAP-Country Statements. FY Paper prepared in the Bureau of Near Eastern, South Asian, and African Affairs, 1951. - F.R.U.S S/P-NSC files, lot 62 D 1, NSC 107 Series Draft Statement of Policy, Proposed by the National Security Council, WASHINGTON, March 14, 1951. - Lot 53 D 250; UM Documents, No. 6, 86-113, Paper' Prepared in the Department of State, WASHINGTON, undated. - Memorandum by the Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern, South Asian, and African Affairs (Berry) to the Secretary of State, [WASHINGTON,] March 14, 1951. . F.R.U.S 788.00/3-1451. - Memorandum by the Director of the Office of Near Eastern and African Affair (Henderson) to the Under Secretary of State (Acheson) [WASHINGTO] October 18, 1946. F.R.U.S 891.00/10-1846. - Memorandum by the State-War-Navy Coordinating Committee to Major General John H. Hilldring, WASHINGTON, 12 October 1946. F.R.U.S 711.91/10-1246. - Memorandum of Conversation, by the Acting Chief of the Division of Middle Eastern Affairs [WASHINGTON:] June 18, 1945F.R.U.S 800.24591/6-1845. - Policy Statement on Iran Prepared in the Department of State [WASHINGTON,] February. 1,1949. F.R.U.S 711.91/2-149. Report From Handeron to Secretary of State, March 15, 1951. F.R.U.S 788.13/13-1551. - S/ S-NSC Files, lot 63: D 351, NSC 54 Series, Report of the National Security Council on the Position of the United States With Respect to Iran, (WASHINGTON) July 21, 1949. - Telegram the Ambassador in, Iran (Murray) to the Secretary of State, September18, 1945.F.R.U.S761.91/9-1845. - Telegram, The Ambassador in Iran (Murray) to the Secretary of State, TEHRAN, September 25, 1945. F.R.U.S 891.00/9-2545. - The Ambassador in Iran (.Allen) to the Acting Chief of the Division of Greek, Turkish, and Iran Affairs (Jernegam), TEHRAN, December 26, 1947. F.R.U.S 891.00/12-2647. - The Secretary of State to the Ambassador in Iran (Morris) Telegram, March 15, 1945, F.R.U.S 740.0011 E.W./3-1545. - The Acting Secretary of State to the Embassy in Iran, Telegram, WASHINGTON, January 3, 1947. F.R.U.S 891.24/12-947. - The Ambassador in Iran (Allen) to the Secretary of State, Telegram, TEHRAN, January 11, 1947. F.R.U.S 891.6363/1-1147. - The Ambassador in Iran (Allen) to the Secretary of State, Telegram, TEHRAN, November28, 1947. F.R.U.S 891.51/11-2847. - The Ambassador in Iran (Murray) to the Secretary of State, Telegram, TEHRAN, March 11, 1946. F.R.U.S 861.24591/3-1146. - The Ambassador in Iran (Murray) to the Secretary of State, Telegram, TEHRAN, March 15, 1946. F.R.U.S 861.24591/3-1546. - The Ambassador in Iran (Murray) to the Secretary of State, Telegram, TEHRAN, March 22, 1946. F.R.U.S 861.24691/3-2246. - The Ambassador in Iran (Grady) to the Department of State, Telegram, TEHRAN, January 23, 1950. F.R.U.S 788.00/1-2351. - The Ambassador in Iran (Murray) to the Secretary of State, Telegram, TEHRAN, January 21, 1946. F.R.U.S 891.00/1-2146. - The Ambassador in Iran (Murray) to the Secretary of State, Telegram, TEHRAN, March 25,1946. F.R.U.S861.24591/3-2546. - The Ambassador in Iran (Murray)to the Secretary of State, Telegram, TEHRAN, March 23,1946. F.R.U.S 861.24591/3-2346. - The Ambassador in Iran (Murray)to the Secretary of State, Telegram, TEHRAN, March 27,1946. F.R.U.S 861.24091/3-2146. - The Ambassador in Iran (Murray)to the Secretary of State, Telegram, TEHRAN, March 30,1946. F.R.U.S 861.24591/3-3046. - The Ambassador in Iran (Murray)to the Secretary of State, Telegram, TEHRAN, April 4, 1946. F.R.U.S 861.24591/4-446. - The Ambassador in Iran (Wiley) to the Secretary of State, Dispatch,TEHRAN, January 30, 1950. F.R.U.S 788.00/1-3050. - The Ambassador in Iran (Wiley) to the Secretary of State, Telegram. TEHRAN, June 24, 1948. F.R.U.S 891.002/ 6-2448. - The Ambassador in Iran (Wiley) to the Secretary of State, Telegram. TEHRAN, August 26, 1948. F.R.U.S 761.91/8-2648. - The Ambassador in Iran (Wiley) to the Secretary of State, Telegram, TEHRAN, February 14, 1950. F.R.U.S 788.5 MAP/2-1450. - The Ambassador in Iran (Wiley) to the Secretary of State, Telegram, TEHIRAN, February 27, 1950. F.R.U.S 788.00/2-2750. - the Ambassador' in Iran (Wiley) to. the Secretary of State, Telegram,TEHRAN, January 8, 1950. F.R.U.S 788.00/1-850. - The Ambassador in Moscow (Smith) to the Secretary of State, Telegram, Moscow, November 3,1947. F.R.U.S 501-BC/11-348. - The Ambassador in the United Kingdom (Douglas) to the Secretary of State, LONDON, August 5, 1948. F.R.U.S 891.00/8-548. - The Ambassador} in Iran (Wiley) to the Secretary of' State, Telegram,TEHRAN, May 26, 1950. F.R.U.S 788.00/5-2650. - The Ambassador} in Iran (Wiley) to the Secretary of' State, Telegram,TEHRAN, May 26, 1950 . F. R.U.S 788.00/5-2650. - The Ambassador} in Iran (Wiley) to the Secretary of' State, Telegram,TEHRAN, May 26, 1950. F.R.U.S 788.00/5-2650. - The Aml;a8sad01' in Iran (Grady) to the Se01·eta1vy of State, Telegram,TEHRAN, July 25, 1951. F.R.U.S 661.88/7-2550. - The Charge in Iran (Richards) to the Secretary of State, Telegram,TEHRAN, December 14,1950. F.R.U.S 788.00/12-H50. - The charge in iran to the Secretary of State, Tehran, August, 13, 1939. F.R.U.S Telegram: 391.1164/82. - The Secretary of State to the Ambassador in Iran (Murray),Washington:Telegram, March 24,1946. F.R.U.S861.24591/3-24.46. - The Secretary of State to the Acting Secretary of State (Acheson), Telegram,NEW YORK, March 26, 1946. F.R.U.S501.BC/3-2646. - The Secretary of State to the Charge in the Soviet Union (Kennan), Telegram, WASHINGTON, March 5,1946. F.R.U.S 861.24591/3-546. - The Secretary of State to the Embassy in Iran, Telegram, WASHINGTON, March 17, 1951. F.R.U.S 888.2553 AIOC/3-1751. - The Secretary of State to the Iranian Ambassador (Ala), WASHINGTON, September 22, 1949. F.R.U.S 891. 2417 -2949. - The Secretary of War (Patterson) to the Secretary of State, WASIDNGTON, 3 January 1947. F.R.U.S 891.51/1-347. - The Vice Consul at Tabriz to the Secretary of State, Telegram, TABRIZ, March 5, 1946. F.R.U.S 761.91/3-546. - The Vice-consul at tarried to the Secretary of State, Tabriz, March6, 1946 Telegram. F.R.U.S861.24591/3-646: | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 1,490 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 718 |
||