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تحلیل روش تربیتی تجربه گرایانه پدری در قابوس‌نامه | ||
| اندیشه های نوین تربیتی | ||
| مقاله 11، دوره 20، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 73، مهر 1403، صفحه 173-184 اصل مقاله (368.85 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22051/jontoe.2023.42820.3734 | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| فضل اله خدادادی* | ||
| استادیار، گروه زبان و ادبیات فارسی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی ره، قزوین، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| یکی از ابعاد کمتر شناخته شده در کتاب قابوس‌نامه اثر عنصرالمعالی از آثار اواخر قرن چهارم در نثر فارسی، رویکرد تربیتی آن است. این کتاب که خطاب به گیلانشاهِ نوجوان؛ پسر عنصرالمعالی نوشته شده است، مجموعه ای از پندها در چهل و چهار باب است و به این دلیل از نظر تربیتی برجسته است که با گفتمانی عاری از نصیحت و با لحنی عاری از امر و نهی مستقیم و با آگاهی کافی از روان‌شناسی نوجوان با او به صحبت می‌پردازد و تلاش می‌کند با رویکردهای تربیتی از ورود نوجوان به عرصه‌های مخاطره‌آمیز جلوگیری کند. داعیۀ پژوهش حاضر واکاوی رویکردهای نوین تربیتی در این کتاب بر اساس رابطۀ والد_ نوجوان است و نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که نویسندۀ قابوس‌نامه، پیری آگاه، خوش‌فکر، مسامحه‌گر و روان‌شناس است که با آگاهی از روحیات نوجوان بر چگونگی صحبت بر وی آگاهی دارد و چهار مقولۀ ارتباط و درک نوجوان، فرزندپروری، کنترل عشق هیجانی و مدیریت ارتباط با دوستان از موضوعات تربیتی در قابوس‌نامه است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| آموزه‌های رفتاری؛ تربیت؛ قابوس‌نامه؛ کنترل؛ نوجوان | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Analysis of Paternal Empiricist Educational Method in Qabus-nameh | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Fazlollah Khodadadi | ||
| Assistant Professor of Persian Language and Literature, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| One of the lesser-known dimensions of Onṣor-al-Maʿāli’s Qabus-nameh, one of the brilliant works of the fifth century in Persian prose, is its educational approach. This book addresses the young son of Onṣor-al-Maʿāli, Gilan Shah. It is a collection of advice in forty-four chapters. It is outstanding from an educational perspective because it speaks with a discourse free of advice or command, and attempts to indirectly prevent risky behaviors in adolescents. The present research analyzed new educational approaches in Qabus-nameh based on the parent-adolescent relationship, and revealed that the author was a knowledgeable, thoughtful, tolerant psychologist who knew how to talk about the innermost thoughts of adolescents. He was aware of subjects such as communicating with adolescents, parenting, controlling emotional love and managing relationships with friends. Introduction Qabus-nameh or Pand-name is one of the greatest works of Persian prose in the fifth century and is the presentation of Onṣor-al-Maʿāli experiences to his son Gilan Shah, in which the author taught his son various issues of life, arts and professions in forty-four chapters, and as he himself admits he aimed to give advice and bless his son in this book (Onṣor-al-Maʿāli, 1973). This work, which is also known as "The Book of Advice" and "Mirror of Princes" (Sabzianpour, 2013), shows author’s positive and optimistic attitude towards the growth and flourishing of human virtues and moral and educational capabilities. One of the scientific, prudent and accurate categories in Qabus-nameh is teaching without advice and punishment. Onṣor-al-Maʿāli applied modern psychologists’ method in his book and asserted their opinion as strictness and control along with severe punishment would lead to failure in moral development, rebelliousness and disobedience of adolescents" (Qanbari Hashimabadi, 2014). He confirms that advising people before others sounds like rebuke and is not appropriate (Onṣor-al-Maʿāli, 1973). This does not mean a complete rejection of advice, rather he forbids orders and suggests better ways to give advice. Methodology An analytical descriptive method was used to analyze the new educational approaches in Pand-name or Qabus-nameh. The researcher delved into the depth of this information and looked at how it is applied in Qabus-nameh. In fact, the researcher achieved a deep understanding of the application of new theories in the educational method of Qabus-nameh (Gard Hoy and Woolfolk Hoy, 2000). While analyzing the communication method between the father and the adolescent in Qabus-nameh, the researcher shows how this old book is filled with modern educational approaches. Results The first factor that causes the family to have a great impact on people is the type of relationship that exists between the family and its members. Adolescents’ inconsistent behavior can be attributed to their immaturity and seeking identity. Parents can help adolescents pass this stage by creating an effective interaction with them. Such a path helps with adolescents’ growth, awareness, independence, and the way parents interact with them. As soon as adolescents find out their parents are their sympathetic friends rather mere superiors, they are more inclined toward their parents and their recommendations. In the introduction of Qabus-nameh, Onṣor-al-Maʿāli introduces himself as a compassionate and loving father. He mentions that as he realized death was drawing near, he decided to write a kind letter to his son to discuss predicaments of life and the joy of moral behavior. He states that his fatherly kindness motivated him to write this book and speak up rather than being silent." (Onṣor-al-Maʿāli, 1973). As can be inferred from this statement, the author did not rebuke and blame his son, but rather condemned the era they lived in. He also states the reason for writing the book to be love and affection for his son. Modern psychology believes that "this perception of parents' interactions helps keep adolescents from high-risk behaviors and helps them be more influenced by their parents." (Ghanbari Hashemabadi, 2014). Discussion and conclusion An in-depth look at Qabus-nameh reveals that this book is not a narrative only, but a masterpiece whose psychological and educational analysis yields many scientific results. In this research, we approached it with a new perspective, and obtained the following results. Our first finding is that although another name of this book is “The Book of Advice”, its discourse is devoid of direct advice and instructions. One reason for this is the maturity and polymathy of the old author, Onṣor-al-Maʿāli, who sweetly conveys his ideas to the audience with a mature and calm tone. Another reason is his knowledge of the adolescents’ world and psychology. He is versed with dealing with excited adolescents so as not to irritate the adolescents. Another achievement of the research is that the educational views of the Onṣor-al-Maʿāli Qabus-nameh are well related to the new educational views as if he knew adolescents well, respected them, understood their dreams, problems and hidden passion. He did not suppress their feelings, but provided them with information in various ways to enlighten their future. He presented these skillfully with disinterest and void of advice tone. Therefore, the audience is convinced that the right path is what Onṣor-al-Maʿāli shows. Another finding of the present research is Qabus-nameh had used authoritarian parenting style, in which the father has a high control over the child, but this kind of control is so principled that it is highly accepted by the son. The reason is that the father puts himself in the adolescent’s place, understands him and is far from tyrannical and negligent behavior; in other words, he has opted a moderate path with authority. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Education, empiricist behavioral teachings, adolescent, control, Qabus-nameh | ||
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| مراجع | ||
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Al-Maali; K. (1973). Qaboos Nameh, edited by Gholamhossein Yousefi. Book Translation and Publishing Company press. (Text in persian) Asaadi, M. (2007). "Investigation and analysis of the type of family and its elements in Qaboos Nameh with respect to the views of Islam and the opinions of sociologists", Journal of the Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences of Semnan University, year 7, number 25, pp: 7-25. (Text in persian) Bahrami, H. (1979). Adolescent Psychology. Aburihan Biruni University Publications press. (Text in persian) Bayabangard, E. (2006). Guide for Parents and Teachers in Child Education. Office of Islamic Culture Publication press. (Text in persian) Elhami, F. (2012), "The place of Qaboos Nameh in educational literature", Journal of Educational Literature, Year 4, Number 16, pp: 131-158. (Text in persian) Emami, N. (1998), Basics and Methods of Literary Criticism. Diba press. (Text in persian) Ganji, H., & Hasanzadeh, R. (2012). Social Psychology in Education.Sokhan Publication press. (Text in persian) Ghanbari Hashemabadi, Bahram Ali and Zahra Vedadian. (2014), Adolescent and Family, Mashhad: Ferdowsi University Publications. (Text in persian) Glover, J. A., & Bruning, R. H. (2008). Educational Psychology: Principles and Applications. (A. Kharrazi, Trans.). Tehran: University Press Center. (Text in persian) Hajazi, E. (2017). Educational Psychology in the Third Millennium. University of Tehran Press. (Text in persian) Jordan, A., An, W., & Others. (2019). Learning Approaches. (E. Hajazi, Trans.). Tehran: University of Tehran Press. (Text in persian) Karimi, Y. (2013). Educational Psychology. Ersbaran Publication. (Text in persian). Mohammadi, M. A. (2004). Youth and Inter-Generational Relations in Iran. Jihad-e-Daneshgahi Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences. (Text in persian) Mousavi, Sh. (2007), Parent-Adolescent Relationship. Ghatreh press. (Text in persian) Papworth, M. (2008). A Guide to Adolescent Behavior. (N. Gahahan, Trans.). Tehran: Roshd Publication press. (Text in persian) Pedramniya, A. (2008), Adolescent Psychology. Ghatre press. Sabzianpour, V. (2012), "Examination of educational views of ancient Iranians in Qabus Nameh", Journal of Educational Literature, Year 5, Number 17, pp: 51-86. Saneti, M. (2008), Psychological analyzes in art and literature. Center press. (Text in persian) Zekavati, A. (2021). Profile of an educational professor: Ali Shariatmadari. The Journal of New Thoughts on Education, 17(4), 83-123. doi: 10.22051/jontoe.2021.23214.2445 (Text in Persian) | ||
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