پیوندهای مفید
اخبار و اعلانات
آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 25 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 932 |
| تعداد مقالات | 7,652 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 12,494,330 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 8,885,731 |
پیش‌بینی بزهکاری چندبعدی بر اساس نمویافتگی عاطفی و سرکوب افکار با نقش تعدیل‌کنندگی جنسیت | ||
| مطالعات اجتماعی روان شناختی زنان | ||
| مقاله 7، دوره 20، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 73، بهمن 1401، صفحه 204-230 اصل مقاله (834.44 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22051/jwsps.2022.36080.2440 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| فریبرز صدیقی ارفعی* 1؛ ریحانه تابش2 | ||
| 1دانشیار گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه کاشان، کاشان، ایران. (نویسنده مسئول). fsa@kashanu.ac.ir | ||
| 2دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد روانشناسی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه کاشان، کاشان، ایران. reyhanetabesh@yahoo.com | ||
| چکیده | ||
| بزهکاری یکی از مشکلات دوره نوجوانی است که می‌تواند سبب اختلال در نظم اجتماعی و مشکلات جدی در سطوح مختلف شود و عوامل متعددی در بروز آن دخالت دارند. هدف پژوهش حاضر پیش‌بینی بزهکاری چندبعدی بر اساس نمویافتگی عاطفی و سرکوب افکار و بررسی نقش تعدیل‌کنندگی جنسیت انجام شد. روش پژوهش توصیفی و از نوع همبستگی بود. جامعه آماری شامل کلیه دانش‌آموزان مقطع متوسطه دوم شهرستان کاشان در سال تحصیلی 1400-99 بود که از این میان تعداد 90 نفر از دانش‌آموزان به روش نمونه‌گیری در دسترس مورد مطالعه قرار گرفتند.گردآوری داده‌ها با پرسشنامه‌های بزهکاری چندبعدی (سهامی و همکاران، 1396)، نمویافتگی عاطفی (سینگ و بهارگاوا، 1974) و سیاهه سرکوب خرس سفید (وگنر و زاناکـاس، 1994) انجام شد. نتایج حاصل از تحلیل رگرسیون همزمان نشان داد که هر دو متغیر نمویافتگی عاطفی (0/45=β) و سرکوب افکار (0/24=β) می‌توانند بزهکاری چندبعدی را در نوجوانان پیش‌بینی کنند. هم‌چنین بررسی نقش جنسیت در رابطه بین نمویافتگی عاطفی و سرکوب افکار با بزهکاری مورد تأیید قرار گرفت؛ بدین معنا که تأثیر این دو متغیر بر بزهکاری در دختران و پسران متفاوت است و در پسران سرکوب افکار 36% و نمویافتگی عاطفی 41% از بزهکاری و در دختران نیز نمویافتگی عاطفی 49% بزهکاری را پیش‌بینی می‌کند. لازم به ذکر است که متغیر سرکوب افکار در گروه دختران قادر به پیش‌بینی بزهکاری چندبعدی نبود. در نهایت می‌توان با بهره‌گیری از این نتایج و ارائه آموزش‌های مربوط به تقویت نمویافتگی عاطفی و راهبردهای سازگارانه مقابله با استرس و تنش، گام بلندی در جهت کاهش بزهکاری در نوجوانان برداشت. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| بزهکاری چندبعدی؛ نمویافتگی عاطفی؛ سرکوب افکار؛ جنسیت | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Predicting multidimensional delinquency based on emotional maturity and thought suppression: the role of gender moderation | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Fariborz Sedighi Arfaee1؛ Reyhaneh Tabesh2 | ||
| 1Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran. fsa@kashanu.ac.ir. (Corresponding Author) | ||
| 2Master Student in psychology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran. reyhanetabesh@yahoo.com | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Delinquency is one of the problems of adolescence that can cause disruption of social order and serious problems for the individual, family, and community, and several factors are involved in its occurrence. This study aimed to predict multidimensional delinquency based on emotional development and thought suppression and to investigate the role of gender moderation. The research method was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population included all high school students in Kashan in the academic year 2020-2021, of which 90 students were studied by the convenience sampling method. Data collection with multidimensional delinquency questionnaires (Sahami et al., 1396), emotional development (Singh and Bahargawa, 1974), and the White Bear Suppression Inventory (Wegner and Zanakas, 1994). Results of Simultaneous-entry regression analysis showed that both the variables of emotional development (β=0.45) and thought suppression (β=0.24) can predict multidimensional delinquency in adolescents. The role of gender in the relationship between emotional development and thought suppression and delinquency were also confirmed; This means that the effect of these two variables on delinquency is different in girls and boys, and in boys, it predicts 36% of thought suppression and 41% of emotional deprivation of delinquency, and in girls, it predicts 49% of delinquency. It should be noted that the thought suppression variable in the group of girls was not able to predict multidimensional delinquency. Finally, by taking advantage of these results and providing training on strengthening emotional development and adaptive strategies to deal with stress and tension, a big step can be taken to reduce delinquency in adolescents. Keywords Multidimensional Delinquency, Emotional Maturity, Thought Suppression, Gender. Introduction Nowadays, delinquency and behavioural disorders have become the most important issues in the field of youth and adolescents (Kouhbanani nejad & Sanatkhah, 2019) and many factors are effective in its occurrence, but one of the main dimensions that have a profound effect on other aspects is the psychological dimension (Dadsetan, 2011). Emotional maturity is one of these psychological assets (Rafidali, 2017) which refers to the ability to facilitate and guide emotional desires to achieve the desired goals (Yousef et al., 2011) and since delinquency usually follows a kind of emotional turmoil; This structure, which helps people to manage emotions and make appropriate decisions and actions, can also reduce the likelihood of delinquent behaviour (Firoozi, 2017(. On the other hand, suppression of thoughts is one of the coping styles of individuals to regulate emotions and thoughts (Spada and Wells, 2005) and in that person seeks to remove undesirable thoughts; But psychological evidence suggests that this practice can lead to increased self-criticism, anxiety, and anxiety, as well as a greater tendency toward norm-breaking behaviours following unsuccessful attempts to suppress thoughts. In addition, the findings of some studies indicate that there are gender differences in committing crimes such as substance abuse, alcohol, etc. (Picoito et al., 2019), so it is important to pay attention to the issue of gender in the study of deviant and delinquent behaviours. Finally, considering the importance of identifying the causes and roots of delinquency and considering the contradictory results regarding gender differences in the occurrence of delinquent behaviours, the present study seeks to answer the question of whether emotional maturity and the tendency to suppress the ability to predict multidimensional delinquency in adolescents has it? And does gender play a moderating role in this regard?. Methodology The present study was a descriptive correlational study and its statistical population included all high school students in Kashan in the academic year 1400-99, of which 90 (45 girls and 45 boys) (based on Fidell and Tabachnick formulas) were sampled. Data was collected by multidimensional delinquency questionnaires (Sahami et al., 2017), Emotional Maturity Scale (Singh and Bahargawa, 1991) and White Bear Suppression Inventory (Wegner & Zanakos, 1994) in two sections of a descriptive and inferential model (simultaneous regression) SPSS22 software was analyzed. Findings The results of regression analysis showed that predictor variables predict a total of 35% of delinquency variance in adolescents. Regarding the role of gender, the results of regression analysis showed that in the group of girls, only emotional maturity (β = 0.49) and in the group of boys, both variables of emotional maturity (β = 0.41) and suppression of thoughts (β = 0.36) were significantly delinquent. Predicts. The resulting coefficients of explanation also show that in the regression equation, in the group of boys, the research variables are explained as a total of 45% and in girls, 30% of the variance of delinquency. Result The results of this study showed the significant role of emotional maturity and thought suppression in predicting delinquency. Regarding the prediction of emotional maturity, it can be said that since in the phenomenon of delinquency, inability to control impulse and extreme tendency to express undesirable emotions are seen as significant symptoms, this can indicate emotional immaturity in the person and his weakness in management. Correct positive and negative emotions. The adult behaves emotionally by accepting social values and norms, does not act under the flow of irresponsible emotions, does not waste his energy and time on imaginary problems, and has characteristics such as self-control, kindness, empathy, cooperation, tolerance, and emotional stability (Segal and Sawhney, 2018). Thus, emotional deprivation in this way can reduce the tendency of delinquency in individuals. Regarding thought suppression, research has shown that in crimes such as substance abuse, alcohol, and smoking, despite the person's efforts to stay away from thoughts related to this behaviour, especially when there are certainly motivating factors, these thoughts still invade their minds. Suppression of thought increases physiological activity, activates negative needs and emotions in the individual and impairs inhibitory control (Purdon, 2020). As a person loses control of his or her control, he or she is more likely to engage in immoral and delinquent behaviours following thoughts about it. In examining the role of gender, the findings showed that in girls only the variable of emotional maturity and in boys both variables of emotional maturity and suppression of thoughts can predict delinquency. Explaining this result, it can be said that in girls, emotional maturity and emotional management and the ability to delay needs - rather than suppressing thoughts - have a greater effect on reducing the tendency to delinquency. On the other hand, more communication between girls and their emotional expression can cause emotional exhaustion, and expressing their thoughts and mental concerns with others can in turn prevent them from being repressed. Also, thinking and consulting with others can be an alternative to inappropriate strategies- including expressing violence, breaking the law, smoking, etc.- against negative thoughts and feelings. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Multidimensional Delinquency, Emotional Maturity, Thought Suppression, Gender | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
اسکوئیان، نعمت. (1395). بررسی نحوه اثر سرکوب افکار بر اساس یافته های روانشناسی اجتماعی و تئوری فرایند طنزآمیز. کنگره ملی روانشناسی اجتماعی ایران، تهران. حاجی علیزاده، کبری.، بحرینیان، عبدالمجید.، نظیری، قاسم و مدرس غروی، مرتضی. (1388). نقش متغیرهای شناختی، ابعاد فراشناختی و هیجانات در رفتار سوءمصرف مواد. تازه‌های علوم شناختی، ۱۱(۳)، 12-1. دادستان، پروین. (1390). روانشناسی جنایی. تهران: انتشارات سمت. رجبی‌پور، محمود. (1388). بزهکاری دانش‌آموزان و امکان پیشگیری اجتماعی رشدمدار (از دیدگاه کارشناسان آموزش و پرورش). دانش انتظامی، 10(2)، 158-128. ساعد، امید.، پوراحسان، سمیه.، اصلانی، جلیل و زرگر، محمد. (1390). نقش سرکوب فکر، عوامل فراشناختی و هیجانات منفی در پیش‌بینی اختلال وابستگی به مواد. اعتیادپژوهی، ۵(۱۸)، 84-69. سبزی، ندا و شیخ‌الاسلامی، راضیه. (1394). نقش واسطه‌ای نمویافتگی عاطفی در رابطه بین الگوهای ارتباطی خانواده و همدلی. روانشناسی تحولی: روا‌‌ن‌شناسان ایرانی، 12(46)، 153-141. سهامی، سوسن.، حسین‌زئی، عنایت‌اله و پرویززاده، عاطفه. (1396). ساخت و اعتباریابی مقیاس بزهکاری چندبعدی نوجوانان و جوانان. رو‌ش‌ها و مد‌ل‌های روانشناختی، 8(29)، 86-71. صالحی، بلن و اصغری ابراهیم‌آباد، محمدجواد. (1398). بررسی نقش مذهب و تحمل پریشانی هیجانی در پیش‌بینی امنیت روانی زنان نابارور. مطالعات اجتماعی روانشناختی زنان، 17(1)، 192-165. علیوردی‌نیا، اکبر و خاکزاد، زینب. (1392). تبیین تفاوت‌های جنسیتی در رفتارهای انحرافی بر اساس نظریه فشار عمومی. جامعه‌شناسی ایران، 14(4)، 130-97. فیروزی، منیژه. (1396). آلکسیتمیا و ادراک تنهایی زنگ خطری برای گرایش دختران به رفتارهای پرخطر. مطالعات اجتماعی روانشناختی زنان، 15(3)، 212-189. کوهبنانی‌نژاد، سیده‌مینا و صنعت خواه، علیرضا. (1398). بررسی میزان رفتارهای پرخطر و سنجش عوامل خانوادگی و آموزشی مؤثر بر آن در دانش‌آموزان دختر کرمان. مطالعات اجتماعی روانشناختی زنان، 17(4)، 70-37. منصورنژاد، زهرا.، پورسید، سیدرضا.، کیانی، فریبا و خدابخش، محمدرضا. (1392). اثربخشی آموزش مهارت‌های ارتباطی بر تحول بلوغ عاطفی دانشجویان دختر در آستانه ازدواج. اصول بهداشت روانی، 15(59)، 170-158. ویسکرمی، حسنعلی.، عبدالهی، مریم و مرادی‌زاده، سیروس. (1398). مقایسه بلوغ عاطفی و اجتماعی و هیجان‌خواهی در نوجوانان پسر بزهکار و عادی شهر خرم آباد. رویش روانشناسی، ۸(۱)، 116-109. Agnew, R., Brezina, T., Wright, J. P. & Cullen, F. T. (2002). Strain, personality traits, and delinquency: Extending general strain theory. Criminology, 40(1), 43-72. Aliverdinia, A. & Khakzad, Z. (2013). Explaining gender differences in deviant behaviors with general strain theory. Iranian Journal of Sociology, 14(4), 97-130. (In Persian) Bright, C. L., Sacco, P., Kolivoski, K. M., Stapleton, L. M., Jun, H. J. & Morris-Compton, D. (2017). Gender differences in patterns of substance use and delinquency: A latent transition analysis. Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse, 26(2), 162-173. Cauffman, E. (2008). Understanding the female offender. Future of Children, 18, 119–142. Colins, O. F., Fanti, K. A., Salekin, R. T. & Andershed, H. (2017). Psychopathic personality in the general population: Differences and similarities across gender. Journal of Personality Disorders, 31(1), 49-74. Cornelius, J. R., Reynolds, M., Martz, B. M., Clark, D. B., Kirisci, L. & Tarter, R. (2008). Premature mortality among males with substance use disorders. Addictive Behaviors, 33(1), 156-160. Efrati, Y., Kolubinski, D. C., Marino, C. & Spada, M. M. (2021). Modelling the contribution of metacognitions, impulsiveness, and thought suppression to behavioural addictions in adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(7), 1-21. Firoozi, M. (2017). Alexithymia and Perceived Loneliness: An Alarm for Girls' Tendency to High-Risk Behaviors. Women's Studies Sociological and Psychological, 15(3), 189-212. (In Persian) Goldstein, A. L., Walton, M. A., Cunningham, R. M., Trowbridge, M. J. & Maio, R. F. (2007). Violence and substance use as risk factors for depressive symptoms among adolescents in an urban emergency department. Journal of Adolescent Health, 40, 276- 279. Haji Alizadeh, K., Bahreinian, A., Naziri, G. & Modares Gharavi, M. (2009). The role of cognitive variables, metacognitive dimensions and emotions in substance abuse behaviors. Advances in Cognitive Sciences, 11(3), 1-12. (In Persian) Herrera, C. M. & Boxer, P. (2019). The role of gender in risk for substance use among justice-involved youth. Children and Youth Services Review, 100, 485-493. Higgins, G. E., Piquero, N. L. & Piquero, A. R. (2011). General strain theory, peer rejection, and delinquency/crime. Youth & Society, 43(4), 1272-1297. Jeynes, W. H. (2002). The relationship between the consumption of various drugs by adolescents and their academic achievement. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 28(1), 15-35. Jones, S. E., Miller, J. D. & Lynam, D. R. (2011). Personality, antisocial behavior, and aggression: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Criminal Justice, 39(4), 329-337. Kapri, U. C. & Rani, N. (2014). Emotional maturity: Characteristics and levels. International Journal of Technological Exploration and Learning, 3(1), 359-361. Kelly, A. E. & Kahn, J. H. (1994). Effects of suppression of personal intrusive thoughts. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66(6), 998-1006. Kouhbanani Nejad, S. & Sanatkhah, A. (2019). Investigating the rate of high-risk behaviors and measuring the family and educational factors affecting it in female students of Kerman. Women's Studies Sociological and Psychological, 17(4), 37-70. (In Persian) Maldonado, R. C., DiLillo, D. & Hoffman, L. (2015). Can college students use emotion regulation strategies to alter intimate partner aggression-risk behaviors? an examination using I3 theory. Psychology of Violence, 5, 46–55. Mansournejad, Z., Poorseyyed, S., Kiani, F. & Khodabakhsh, M. (2013). Effectiveness of communication skills training on emotional maturity evolution of female students on the eve of marriage. Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health, 15(59), 158-170. (In Persian) Montgomery, K. L., Thompson, S. J. & Barczyk, A. N. (2011). Individual and relationship factors associated with delinquency among throwaway adolescents. Children and Youth Services Review, 33(7), 1127-1133. Pastey, G. S. & Aminbhavi, V. A. (2006). Impact of emotional maturity on stress and self confidence of adolescents. Journal of Indian Academy of Applied Psychology, 32(1), 69-75. Picoito, J., Santos, C., Loureiro, I., Aguiar, P., & Nunes, C. (2019). Gender-specific substance use patterns and associations with individual, family, peer, and school factors in 15-year-old Portuguese adolescents: a latent class regression analysis. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 13(1), 1-12. Purdon, C. (2020). Thought suppression. Oxford University Press. Purdon, C., Rowa, K. & Antony, M. M. (2007). Diary records of thought suppression by individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 35, 47–59. Rafeedali, E. (2017). Influence of self concept and emotional maturity on leadership behaviour of secondary schools heads in Kerala, European Journal of Education Studies, 8(11), 11-19. Rajabipur, M. (2008). Criminal activity among students in Iran: How the police may prevent its growing trends in the society, from the perspective of education experts. Danesh-e-Entezami, 10(2), 128-151. (In Persian) Raje, D. & Srivastava, N. (2014). A study of emotional maturity and resilience among thejuvenile delinquents and non-juvenile delinquents. Indian Journal of Health & Wellbeing, 5(9), 1078-1080. Rashed, A. (2002). Juvenile Delinquency in Saudi Arabia: Testing Social Disorganization Theory. Mississippi State University: ProQuest Dissertations Publishing. Richmond, S., Hasking, P. & Meaney, R. (2017). Psychological distress and non-suicidal self-injury: The mediating roles of rumination, cognitive reappraisal, and expressive suppression. Archives of Suicide Research, 21(1), 62-72. Rogier, G., Garofalo, C. & Velotti, P. (2019). Is emotional suppression always bad? A matter of flexibility and gender differences. Current Psychology, 38(2), 411-420. Sabzi, N. & Sheikholeslami, R. (2016). The mediating role of emotional maturity in the relationship between family communication patterns and empaty. Developmental Psychology (Journal of Iranian Psychologist), 12(46), 141-153. (In Persian) Saed, O., Purehsan, S., Aslani, J. & Zargar, M. (2011). The role of thought suppression, meta-cognitive factors and negative emotions in prediction of substance dependency disorder. Etiadpajohi, 5(18), 69-84. (In Persian) Sahami, S., Hosseinzehi, E. & Parvizzadeh, N. (2017). Building and validationg multidimentional scale pf adolescent and youth juvenile deliquency. Journal of Psychologival Models and Methods, 8(3), 71-86. (In Persian) Salehi, B. & Asghari Ebrahim Abad, M. (2019). Investigating the impact of the role and dimensions of religion and distress tolerance in predicting the psychological safety of infertile women. Women's Studies Sociological and Psychological, 17(1), 165-192. (In Persian) Sehgal, K. & Sawhney, S. (2018). Delinquency proneness among adolescents in relation to emotional maturity and demographic variables. Aayushi International Interdisciplinary Research Journal, 5(3), 24-27. Sharma, N., Sharma, S. & Kang, T. K. (2017). Assessment of social and emotional maturity in juvenile delinquents. Indian Journal of Positive Psychology, 8(4), 645-647. Siegel, L. J. & Welsh, B. C. (2014). Juvenile Delinquency: Theory, Practice, and Law. United States: Cengage Learning. Singh, D., Kaur, S. & Dureja, G. (2012). Emotional maturity differentials among university students. Journal of Physical Education and Sport Management, 3(2), 41-45. Spada, M. M. & Wells, A. (2005). Metacognitions, emotion and alcohol use. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 12, 150-155. Squian, N. (2015). Investigating the effect of thought suppression based on the findings of social psychology and humorous process theory. National Congress of Social Psychology of Iran, Tehran. (In Persian) Viscermi, H., Abdollahi Moghaddam, M. & Moradizadeh, S. (2019). Compare emotional and social maturity and sensation seeking in adolescents and ordinary criminals Khorramabad. Rooyesh, 8(1), 109-116. (In Persian) Wang, K., Huang, H., Chen, L., Hou, X., Zhang, Y., Yang, J., ... & Qiu, J. (2017). MRI correlates of interaction between gender and expressive suppression among the Chinese population. Neuroscience, 347, 76-84. Wani, M. A. & Masih, A. (2015). Emotional maturity across gender and level of education. The International Journal of Indian Psychology, 2(2), 63-72. Wegner, D. M. & Zanakos, S. (1994). Chronic thought suppression. Journal of Personality, 62(4), 615-640. Wenzlaff, R. M. & Wegner, D. M. (2000). Thought suppression. Annual Review of Psychology, 51(1), 59-91. Yusoff, M. S. B., Rahim, A. F. A., Pa, M. N. M. & Mey, S. C. (2011). The validity and reliability of the USM Emotional Quotient Inventory (USMEQ-i). Its use to measure emotional quotient (EQ) of future medical students. International Medical Journal, 18(4), 283-287. Zahn, M. A. (2007). The causes of girls’ delinquency and their program implications. Family Court Review, 45, 456–465 Zahn, M. A., Agnew, R., Fishbein, D., Miller, S., Winn, D. M., Dakoff, G. & Chesney-Lind, M. (2010). Causes and correlates of girls’ delinquency. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. US Department of Justice. Washington, DC. Zhang, X., Wang, S., Liu, Y. & Chen, H. (2021). More restriction, more overeating: conflict monitoring ability is impaired by food-thought suppression among restrained eaters. Brain Imaging and Behavior, 15(4), 2069-2080. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 350 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 234 |
||