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Normal Disfluency in Pre-schoolers: Silences, Pauses, and Repetitions | ||
Journal of Language Horizons | ||
مقاله 7، دوره 1، شماره 2، بهمن 2017، صفحه 131-152 اصل مقاله (503.23 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: Research article | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22051/lghor.2018.15811.1061 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
Zohreh Nafissi* 1؛ Anahid Ramezanee2 | ||
1Assistant Professor of TEFL, Dept. of English Language and Literature, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran | ||
2Ph.D. candidate in TEFL, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran | ||
چکیده | ||
Delving into the amazing and confounding language of four-, five-, or six-year olds, who dexterously and quite diligently use language for a myriad of purposes has always been intriguing to the pundits of first language acquisition. This scrutiny was an attempt to unravel some features germane to the normal disfluency in the preschoolers’ language. Normal disfluency is justifiably deemed to occur during periods of accelerated speech development (Guitar, 2013( and, unlike stuttering- a pathological condition-is a temporary condition. Over the years, researchers have investigated speech disfluencies of normally fluent young children in order to better understand the expected speech behaviors of young children but they have mainly focused on disfluencies of speech of English speaking children from Anglo-European, African-American, Hispanic, and Spanish cultures. Literature review proved there is not enough information regarding normal disfluency in Farsi speaking children. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe the speech disfluencies in Farsi speaking Iranian preschoolers. The study was conducted in a kindergarten in Tehran in which from each age group 6 kids (3 boys and 3 girls) were randomly selected. Samples of their speech were recorded, carefully transcribed, and analyzed. A comparison was made among the three age groups as far as the in-mind categories were concerned (spontaneous speech, description, explanation, interpretation, and narration). Furthermore, in each category, the nature of the disfluency (repetition, silence, or filler) and the purpose behind its application (planning, reformulation, or replacement) was identified. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
fluency؛ disfluency؛ L1؛ preschoolers؛ repetitions | ||
عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
ناروانی گفتاری در کودکان پیش دبستانی: سکوت، مکث و تکرار | ||
نویسندگان [English] | ||
زهره نفیسی1؛ آناهید رمضانی2 | ||
1استادیار گروه زبان و ادبیات انگلیسی، دانشگاه الزهرا، تهران، ایران | ||
2دانشجوی دکتری گروه زبان و ادبیات انگلیسی، دانشگاه الزهرا، تهران، ایران | ||
چکیده [English] | ||
تعمق در دنیای شگفت انگیز کودکان چهار، پنج وشش ساله که ماهرانه وکاملا مجدانه زبان را برای اهداف بیشماری بکار میبرند همواره برای محققین فراگیری زبان اول مورد توجه بوده است. این تحقیق تلاشی برای آشکا ر کردن برخی از ویژگیهای ناروانی گفتاری معمولی زبان کودکان سنین پیش دبستانی می باشد. ناروانی گفتاری معمولی، اصولا در زمان رشد زبانی شتاب یافته اتفاق می افتد (Guitar, 2013) و بر خلاف لکنت زبان که یک حالت پاتولوژیک می باشد موقتی است. در طی سالها، محققین ناروانی گفتاری کودکان معمولی را به منظور درک بهتر رفتارهای زبانی کودکان بررسی کرده اند. اما بیشتر این تحقیقات بر روی ناروانی گفتاری کودکان انگلیسی زبان از فرهنگ های انگلیسی-اروپایی، افریقایی-امریکایی، پرتغالی، اسپانیایی انجام شده است. بررسی ادبیات نشان داد که اطلاعات کافی در زمینه ناتوانی گفتاری معمولی در کودکان فارسی زبان وجود ندارد. بنابر این هدف این مطالعه توصیف ناتوانی گفتاری کودکان پیش دبستانی فارسی زبان ایرانی بوده است. این مطالعه در یک مهد کودک در شهر تهران انجام گرفته است. برای اهداف این مطالعه از کلاس هر رده سنی ۶ کودک (۳ پسر و۳ دختر) به صورت تصادفی انتخاب شدند. نمونه هایی از گفتار آنان ثبت، با دقت بازنویسی ومورد تجزیه وتحلیل قرار گرفت. مقایسه ای بین سه گروه سنی تا جایی که مقوله های درون ذهن مورد نظر است (سخن فی البداهه، توصیف، توضیح، تفسیر وداستان سرایی) صورت گرفت. علاوه برآن، در هر رده ای ماهیت ناروانی گفتاری (تکرار، سکوت ویا پر کننده) وهدف از بکار بردن آن (برنامه ریزی، باز سازی یا جایگزینی) مورد شناسایی قرار گرفت. | ||
کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
روانی گفتار, ناروانی گفتار, زبان اول, پیش دبستانی ها, تکرارها | ||
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