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| تعداد مقالات | 7,773 |
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ایجاد و توسعه نظام آموزش از راه دور: چالش یا فرصت؟ | ||
| اندیشه های نوین تربیتی | ||
| مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 29 بهمن 1403 | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22051/jontoe.2024.47882.3958 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| انور شاهمحمدی1؛ اکبر جدیدی محمدآبادی* 2 | ||
| 1گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران | ||
| 2استادیار گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| هدف این پژوهش درک جامعی از چالش‌ها و فرصت‌های ایجاد و توسعه نظام آموزش از راه دور بود. روش انجام این تحقیق برحسب هدف کاربردی و برحسب گردآوری اطلاعات کیفی-ترکیب پژوهی است. منابع مورد مطالعه این تحقیق کلیه مطالعات انجام‌شده در این زمینه بود و بر این اساس از مجموع 42 مقاله به‌دست‌آمده، پس از بررسی دقیق و میزان مرتبط بودن چکیده آنها و بررسی میزان قرابت متن کامل آنها به موضوع پژوهش در نهایت 29 پژوهش به‌عنوان نمونه هدفمند و در دسترس برای استخراج چالش‌ها و فرصت‌ها در این نوع نظام آموزشی در نظر گرفته شد. برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌های به‌دست‌آمده از رویکرد ترکیب پژوهی استقرایی که فرایندی تفسیری است استفاده گردید. برای اعتبار داده‌های پژوهشی از چک لیست کاسپ استفاده شد و کدهای به‌دست‌آمده با استفاده از آزمون پایایی کدگزاران، یکدست و هماهنگ شدند. نتایج حاصل از تحلیل داده‌ها منجر به شناسایی 47 چالش و 29 فرصت به‌عنوان چالش‌ها و فرصت‌های ایجاد و توسعه نظام آموزش از راه دور هر کدام در 5 مقوله محوری فرهنگی- اجتماعی، توسعه آموزشی، توسعه فردی، توسعه ساختاری- مالی و سازمانی، توسعه فناوری گردید. لذا پیشنهاد می‌شود مدیران و سیاست‌گذاران نظام آموزش‌عالی، بسترها و تدابیر و تصمیم‌های لازم و مقتضی، قوانین و آیین نامه‌های مورد نیاز و احصاء شده از نتایج این تحقیق را جهت ایجاد و توسعه نظام آموزشی از راه دور را مهیا، تدوین و اجرا نمایند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| آموزش‌عالی؛ چالش‌ها؛ فرصت‌ها؛ نظام آموزش از راه دور | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Developing a Distance Education System: Challenges and Opportunities | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Anvar Shahmohammadi1؛ Akbar Jadidi Mohammadabadi2 | ||
| 1Assistant professor Department of Educational Paym Noor University, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| 2Assistant Professor of Educational Sciences, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Developing a Distance Education System: Challenges and Opportunities Aim: The purpose of this research was to investigate the challenges and opportunities of developing a distance education system. This applied research used qualitative research synthesis method to collect qualitative data. A total of 42 articles were retrieved from different scientific sources, and only 29 articles were found related to the research topic after carefully examining their abstracts and full texts. Hence, these 29 articles were finally considered the sample for extracting challenges and opportunities of distance educational system. An inductive research synthesis approach, which is an interpretive process, was used to analyze the obtained data. The Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) checklist was used to validate the research data, and the obtained codes were organized and categorized using encoders’ reliability. Data analysis led to the identification of 47 challenges and 29 opportunities for developing a distance education system, each with five core categories: cultural-social, educational development, individual development, structural-financial and organizational development, and technological development. Therefore, it is recommended that managers and policymakers of the higher education prepare, formulate, and implement the necessary and appropriate platforms, measures, decisions, laws, and regulations obtained from the results of this research to develop a distance education system. Keywords: Higher education, Challenges, Opportunities, Distance education system. Introduction Distance learning is the newest form of education, which emphasizes the use of electronic tools or web-based educational programs (Jadidi Mohammadabadi et al., 2020). Distance learning offers the possibility of two-way communication and decreases the efforts needed on the teacher’s side (Rezaei and Zahedi, 2018, p. 211). In other words, distance learning is a kind of augmented reality in which the transfer of concepts and learning takes place in cyberspace, online or offline, using electronic media, interactively or non-interactively (Jason Kowska et al., 2020, p. 198). Accordingly, the transition from face-to-face to distance education in higher education incurs many challenges (Salehi-Omran et al, 2012, p. 70). Every opportunity that is based on creativity, innovation, and initiative also carries risks, threats, and challenges. Virtual and real worlds are at times contradictory in educational courses (Jafari, 2022, p. 297). Analyzing the challenges and opportunities is the most important step in developing distance education. Accordingly, what we aim to identify is the challenges and opportunities that Iran’s higher education system may face in developing a distance education system. Methodology This applied qualitative study used research synthesis approach to collect qualitative data. In the present study, the synthesis process was carried out based on Cooper's six stages: Problem formulation, literature review, data extraction, quality assessment, analysis and integration, and interpretation and presentation. Accordingly, considering the specific nature of the study, the statistical population and the number of studies included, all articles and empirical reports conducted on the challenges and opportunities of developing distance education system were search globally and locally from 2017 to the present (in the last 6 years). Therefore, the researcher used the phrase "challenges and opportunities in the distance education system", "e-learning" or "virtual education", "distance education: challenges and opportunities" in English and Persian to select appropriate articles and reports. Therefore, 54 articles were retrieved. After a careful review of their abstracts and full texts, 29 articles were finally considered as a targeted and available sample for extracting challenges and opportunities of distance education. The data analysis method was thematic analysis. First, each article was read several times. In the next stage, using an open coding approach, the text was divided into paragraphs, and then the concepts were analyzed based on the semantic load related to the topic. The Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) checklist was used to validate the research data, which resulted in selecting 29 articles with an overall score of 31 or higher, which translates into good to excellent. Articles with a score of less than 30 (average to low) were excluded. Finally, encoders’ reliability was used to validate the extracted codes. Results Considering the primary central concepts and their similarities to each other, the researcher placed each of the concepts related to the research topic into general categories and assigned them the titles of challenges and opportunities. Finally, 47 challenges and 29 opportunities were identified as challenges and opportunities for creating and developing the distance education system (figure 1), each in 5 core categories: cultural-social, educational development, individual development, structural-financial and organizational development, and technological development. Figure 1. Challenges and opportunities for developing a distance education system Discussion and conclusion The purpose of this study was to extract the challenges and opportunities of developing a distance higher education system to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the subject. The results of this research led to the identification of numerous cultural-social, educational, individual, structural-financial, organizational, and technological challenges of a distance education system. Unless the aforementioned challenges are not addressed, any planning and effort to develop a distance education system will fail. On the other hand, paying attention to this type of educational system provides special opportunities that provide key strategies for the development of the distance education system and these are mentioned in this research as opportunities for sociocultural, technological, individual, educational, structural, financial, and organizational development. Accordingly, the following is proposed: 1. Managers and policymakers of the higher education system should prepare, formulate, and implement the necessary and appropriate frameworks, measures, decisions, laws, and regulations needed and calculated from the results of this research in solving the challenges to develop a distance education system. 2. Universities should pay attention to the opportunities identified from the results of this research for better and higher-quality implementation of the distance education system. Patronage and Conflict of Interest: This article has neither a patron nor any conflict of interest. Reference Cooper, H. Hedges, L. V & Valentine, J. C. (2009). The handbook of research synthesis and meta-analysis. Russell Sage Foundation. New York Jadidi Mohammadabadi, A. Sarmadi, M R. Zare, H and Farajollahi, M. (2020). Change, nature and method of online education in the digital age, Payam Noor University Press: Tehran. (Text in Persian) Jafari, E. (2022). The Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats of Augmented Reality Technology for Higher Education Curriculum. Biannual Journal of Higher Education Curriculum Studies. 13(25) 295-318. https://www.icsajournal.ir/article_154424.html?lang=en (Text in Persian) Jesionkowska, J. Wild, F and Deval, Y. (2020). Active learning augmented reality for STEAM education—a case study. Education Sciences, 10(8), 198. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci10080198 Rezaee, A. Zahedi, M. (2018). The Role of Modern Technologies in the Development of E-learning (Looking at the Opportunities and Challenges Facing Universities and Higher Education Institutions). Journal of Research in Educational Systems (JRES). 12(40). 205-222. https://doi.org/10.22034/jiera.2018.66311 (Text in Persian) Salehi Omran, E. Salari, Z. (2012). Blended learning is a new approach to developing the teaching and learning process. Journal of Education Strategies in Medical Sciences (ESMS). 5(1) 69-75. https://edcbmj.ir/article-1-186-en.html (Text in Persian) | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Higher education, Challenges, Opportunities, Distance education system | ||
| مراجع | ||
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آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 27 |
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